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Region (Europe)
*** Shopping-Tip: Region (Europe)
{{Politics of the European Union}}
The
European Union created the '''Regions of Europe''' as the layer of EU government administration directly below the nation-state level.
The Regions of Europe are represented by the
Committee of the Regions headquarters in
Brussels.
Reasons for this include:
* reflecting the historic and cultural claims for autonomy in many regions all over the EU
* strengthening the political and economic situation in those regions
As a result, nation states which have historically had a strong centralized administration have transferred political power to the regions. Examples of this include the devolution of power in Britain (the
Scotland Act 1998, the
Government of Wales Act 1998) and the current negotiations in France concerning increased autonomy for Corsica.
Political Influence
The politics of the regionalism have also had their impact on the pan-European level. The regions of Europe have lobbied for an increased say in EU affairs, especially the German Länder. This has resulted in the creation by the
Maastricht Treaty of the
Committee of the Regions, and provision for member states to be represented in the Council by ministers from their regional governments.
Image:European Union.png thumb|left|250px
The desire of the German Länder however has been frustrated by other member states, which are opposed to direct involvement by the regions in EU decision-making. The German Länder successfully lobbied the German government (which has in turn lobbied the European Council) for the
2004 Intergovernmental Conference IGC to deal with the division of powers between the EU, national and regional levels of government.
The
Council of Europe also has a
Congress of Local and Regional Authorities, similar to the EU's
Committee of the Regions.
Strengthening economic competition between communities further supports the creation of authentic regions within the EU and almost all EU member states recently have or currently are re-organizing their administration to create competitive EU regions.
Often these regions better reflect culture and identity and a sense of common interests.
History
The idea for a representation of regions within the administration of the
European Union relates to some regions' long history as autonomous regions. Examples include the
Basque Country, which lies in both north-eastern
Spain and south-west
France, and
Wales in the
United Kingdom. Both of these regions have growing nationalistic sentiments (see
Basque nationalism and
Welsh self-government).
{{clear}}
Regions
Some small EU member states make up a region on their own; large member states have several regions. Currently there are 139 regions.
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
!
List of European Union member states member state !! region !! population !! area
|-
|rowspan="6"|{{AUT}}||
Image:Flag of Kärnten.svg 999x15px Carinthia (state) Carinthia||align=right|559,404||align=right|9,536
km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Niederösterreich.svg 999x15pxImage:Flag of Oberösterreich.svg 999x15pxImage:Flag of Burgenland.svg 999x15px Lower Austria and
Upper Austria (incl.
Burgenland)||align=right|3,200,170||align=right|35,120 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Salzburg.svg 999x15px Salzburg (state) Salzburg||align=right| 515,327||align=right|7,154 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Steiermark.svg 999x15px Styria (state) Styria||align=right|1,183,303||align=right|16,392 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Tirol.svg 999x15pxImage:Flag of Vorarlberg.svg 999x15px Tyrol (state) Tyrol and
Vorarlberg||align=right|1,046,295||align=right|15,249 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Wien.svg 999x15px Vienna||align=right|1,631,082||align=right|414 km²
|-
|-
|rowspan="3"|{{BEL}}||
Image:Flag Belgium brussels.svg 999x15px Brussels-Capital Region Brussels||align=right|1,006,749||align=right|161,382 km²
|-
|
Image:Vlagvlaanderengroot.png 999x15px Flanders||align=right|6,043,161||align=right|13,522 km²
|-
|
Image:Wallonia flag medium.png 999x15px Wallonia||align=right|3,358,560||align=right|16,844 km²
|-
|rowspan="2"|{{CZE}}||
Image:Flag of Bohemia.svg 999x15px Bohemia||align=right|~6,500,000||align=right|52 065 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Moravia.svg 999x15pxImage:Flag of Czech Silesia.svg 999x15px Moravia (incl.
Czech Silesia)||align=right|~3,500,000||align=right|26,474 km²
|-
|colspan="2"|{{CYP}}||align=right|~1,000,000||align=right|9,250 km²
|-
|colspan="2"|{{DNK}}||align=right|5,415,978||align=right|43,094 km²
|-
|colspan="2"|{{EST}}||align=right|1,332,893||align=right|45,226 km²
|-
|rowspan="6"|{{FIN}}||
Image:Flag of Aaland.svg 999x15px Åland||align=right|26,711||align=right|6,784 km²
|-
|
Image:East Finland.png 999x15px Eastern Finland||align=right|588,106||align=right|48,726 km²
|-
|
Image:Lapin.png 999x15px Lapland Province Lapland||align=right|187,777||align=right|98,946 km²
|-
|
Image:Oulu.png 999x15px Oulu Province Oulu||align=right|461,000||align=right|57,000 km²
|-
|
Image:South Finland.png 999x15px Southern Finland||align=right|2,095,416||align=right|34,378 km²
|-
|
Image:West Finland.png 999x15px Western Finland||align=right|1,839,581||align=right|74,185 km²
|-
|rowspan="23"|{{FRA}}||
Image:AlsFlag.png 999x15px Alsace||align=right|1,805,000||align=right|8,280 km²
|-
|
Image:Aquitaine_region_flag.png 999x15px Aquitaine||align=right|3,072,000||align=right|41,309 km²
|-
|
Image:AUflag.gif 999x15pxImage:LimFlag.gif 999x15px Auvergne (région) Auvergne and
Limousin (région) Limousin||align=right|2,054,000||align=right|42,955 km²
|-
|
Image:Basse-Normandie flag.png 999x15px Basse-Normandie and
Haute-Normandie||align=right|3,251,000||align=right|29,907 km²
|-
|
Image:Bourgogne flag.svg 999x15px Bourgogne||align=right|1,626,000||align=right|31,582 km²
|-
|
Image:Brittany flag.png 999x15px Bretagne||align=right|3,044,000||align=right|27,209 km²
|-
|
Image:CentreFlag.gif 999x15px Centre (France) Centre||align=right|2,490,000||align=right|39,151 km²
|-
|
Image:ChAFlag.gif 999x15px Champagne-Ardenne||align=right|1,334,000||align=right|25,606 km²
|-
|
Image:Corsica.svg 999x15px Corsica||align=right|275,000||align=right|8,680 km²
|-
|
Image:Franche-Comté.svg 999x15px Franche-Comté||align=right|1,143,000||align=right|16,202 km²
|-
|
Image:GuyaneFlag.jpg 999x15px French Guiana||align=right|191,000||align=right|83,534 km²
|-
|
Image:GuadFlag.png 999x15px Guadeloupe||align=right|453,000||align=right|1,702 km²
|-
|
Image:IDFflag.gif 999x15px Île-de-France (région) Île-de-France||align=right|11,362,000||align=right|12,011 km²
|-
|
Image:LRflag.gif 999x15px Languedoc-Roussillon||align=right|2,497,000||align=right|27,376 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag fr-lorraine 300px.png 999x15px Lorraine (région) Lorraine||align=right|2,334,000||align=right|23,547 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Martinique.gif 999x15px Martinique||align=right|398,000||align=right|1,128 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Midi-Pyrénées.svg 999x15px Midi-Pyrénées||align=right|2,731,000||align=right|45,348 km²
|-
|
Image:NPCflag.gif 999x15pxImage:PicFlag.gif 999x15px Nord-Pas de Calais and
Picardie ||align=right|5,909,000||align=right|31,813 km²
|-
|
Image:PLflag.gif 999x15px Pays-de-la-Loire||align=right|3,385,000||align=right|32,082 km²
|-
|
Image:PC1.gif 999x15px Poitou-Charentes||align=right|1,701,000||align=right|25,809 km²
|-
|
Image:Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur flag.svg 999x15px Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur||align=right|4,743,000||align=right|31,400 km²
|-
|
Image:ReunionFlag.gif 999x15px Réunion||align=right|775,000||align=right|2,512 km²
|-
|
Image:RAflag.gif 999x15px Rhône-Alpes||align=right|5,947,000||align=right|43,698 km²
|-
|rowspan="14"|{{DEU}}||
Image:Flag of Baden-Württemberg.svg 999x15px Baden-Württemberg||align=right|10,718,327||align=right|35,752 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg 999x15px Bavaria||align=right|12,464,997||align=right|70,553 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Berlin.svg 999x15pxImage:Flag de-brandenburg.png 999x15px Berlin and
Brandenburg||align=right|5,962,440||align=right|30,369 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Hamburg.svg 999x15px Hamburg Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg||align=right|1,738,483||align=right|755 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Hesse.svg 999x15px Hesse||align=right|6,077,826||align=right|21,100 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Lower Saxony.svg 999x15pxImage:Flag of Bremen.svg 999x15px Lower Saxony and
Bremen (state) Bremen||align=right|8,665,367||align=right|48,023 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.svg 999x15px Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania||align=right|1,790,000||align=right|23,170 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of North Rhine-Westphalia.svg 999x15px North Rhine-Westphalia||align=right|18,060,211||align=right|34,080 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag de-rheinland pfalz 300px.png 999x15px Rhineland-Palatinate||align=right|3,880,000||align=right|19,846 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag de-saarland 300px.png 999x15px Saarland||align=right|1,080,000||align=right|2,570 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Saxony.svg 999x15px Saxony||align=right|4,300,000||align=right|18,413 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Saxony-Anhalt.svg 999x15px Saxony-Anhalt||align=right| 2,580,626||align=right|20,447 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Schleswig-Holstein.svg 999x15px Schleswig-Holstein||align=right|2,777,000||align=right|15,776 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Thuringia.svg 999x15px Thuringia||align=right|2,392,000||align=right|16,171 km²
|-
|rowspan="6"|{{GRC}}||
Attica (incl.
Central Greece and
Thessaly)||align=right|5,216,736||align=right|33,394 km²
|-
|
Crete||align=right|623,666||align=right|8,336 km²
|-
|
Epirus (periphery) Epirus and the
Ionian Islands||align=right|578,795||align=right|11,510 km²
|-
|
Macedonia (Greece) Macedonia (
West Macedonia West M.,
Central Macedonia Central M. and
East Macedonia and Thrace East M. and Thrace)||align=right|2,858,975||align=right|42,419 km²
|-
|
North Aegean and
South Aegean||align=right|528,152||align=right|9,122 km²
|-
|
Peloponnese (incl.
West Greece)||align=right|1,403,577||align=right|26,840 km²
|-
|rowspan="3"|{{HUN}}||
Central Hungary Central and
Northern Hungary||align=right|4,114,000||align=right|20,347 km²
|-
|
Great Plain||align=right|2,921,000||align=right|36,088 km²
|-
|
Transdanubia||align=right|3,107,000||align=right|36,615 km²
|-
|rowspan="4"|{{IRL}}||
Image:Flag of connacht.png 999x15px Connacht||align=right|464,296||align=right|17,713 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of leinster.png 999x15px Leinster||align=right|2,105,579||align=right|19,774 km²
|-
|
Image:Real Munster Flag.gif 999x15px Munster||align=right|1,100,614||align=right|24,608 km²
|-
|
Image:Provincial Ulster Flag.gif 999x15px Ulster||align=right|246,714||align=right|8,066 km²
|-
|rowspan="18"|{{ITA}}||
Image:Abruzzo-Bandiera.png 999x15pxImage:Molise-Bandiera.png 999x15px Abruzzo and
Molise||align=right|1,594,331||align=right|15,232 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of the Aosta Valley.png 999x15px Aosta Valley||align=right|120,909||align=right|3,263 km²
|-
|
Image:Puglia-Bandiera.png 999x15px Apulia||align=right|4,023,957||align=right|19,366 km²
|-
|
Image:Basilicata-Bandiera.png 999x15px Basilicata||align=right|596,821||align=right|9,995 km²
|-
|
Image:Calabrian-logo.png 999x15px Calabria||align=right|2,007,392||align=right|15,081 km²
|-
|
Image:Campania-Bandiera.png 999x15px Campania||align=right|5,725,098||align=right|13,590 km²
|-
|
Image:Emilia-Romagna-Flag.png 999x15px Emilia-Romagna||align=right|4,030,220||align=right|22,123 km²
|-
|
Image:Friuli-Venezia Giulia-Flag.png 999x15px Friuli-Venezia Giulia||align=right|1,191,588||align=right|7,856 km²
|-
|
Image:Latium.png 999x15px Latium||align=right|5,145,805||align=right|17,208 km²
|-
|
Image:Flagge Liguriens.png 999x15px Liguria||align=right|1,572,197||align=right|5,420 km²
|-
|
Image:Lombardy-Flag.png 999x15px Lombardy||align=right|9,108,645||align=right|23,863 km²
|-
|
Image:Regione Marche Italy.gif 999x15pxImage:Umbria-Bandiera.png 999x15px Marche and
Umbria||align=right|2,318,811||align=right|18,150 km²
|-
|
Image:Piemonte.svg 999x15px Piedmont||align=right|4,331,334||align=right|25,400 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Sardinia.svg 999x15px Sardinia||align=right|1,637,639||align=right|24,090 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Sicily.svg 999x15px Sicily||align=right|4,972,124||align=right|25,703 km²
|-
|
Image:Trentino-Alto Adige-Bandiera.png 999x15px Trentino-South Tyrol||align=right|950,495||align=right|13,607 km²
|-
|
Image:Toscana-Bandiera2.png 999x15px Tuscany||align=right|3,516,296||align=right|22,990 km²
|-
|
Image:Veneto-Bandiera.png 999x15px Veneto||align=right|4,577,408||align=right|18,391 km²
|-
|colspan="2"|{{LAT}}||align=right|2,290,237||align=right|64,589 km²
|-
|colspan="2"|{{LTU}}||align=right|3,596,617||align=right|65,200 km²
|-
|colspan="2"|{{LUX}}||align=right|468,571||align=right|2,586 km²
|-
|colspan="2"|{{MLT}}||align=right|398,534||align=right|316 km²
|-
|rowspan="5"|{{NLD}}||
Image:Frisian_flag.svg 999x15pxImage:Flag Drenthe.png 999x15pxImage:Groningen flag.png 999x15px Friesland (incl.
Drenthe and
Groningen)||align=right|1,700,700||align=right|8,357 km²
|-
|
Image:Limburg (Netherlands) Flag.png 999x15px Limburg (Netherlands) Limburg||align=right|1,143,000||align=right|2,167 km²
|-
|
Image:North Brabant-Flag.png 999x15pxImage:Zeelandflag.JPG 999x15px North Brabant–
Zeeland||align=right|2,785,200||align=right|6,730 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag North-Holland, Netherlands.png 999x15pxImage:South Holland Flag.png 999x15px North Holland and
South Holland||align=right|6,036,900||align=right|5,520 km²
|-
|
Image:Utrecht (province)-Flag.png 999x15pxImage:Gelderland-Flag.png 999x15pxImage:Flag Flevoland.png 999x15pxImage:Overijssel flag.png 999x15px Utrecht (province) Utrecht–
Gelderland (incl.
Flevoland and
Overijssel)||align=right|4,589,000||align=right|11,114 km²
|-
|rowspan="6"|{{POL}}||
Image:Flaga wlkp.jpg 999x15pxImage:Lubuskie flaga2.png 999x15pxImage:Zach-pomorskie flag.svg 999x15px Wielkopolska Voivodship Greater Poland (incl.
Lubusz Voivodship Lubusz and
West Pomeranian Voivodship West Pomerania)||align=right|6,066,896||align=right|66,712 km²
|-
|
Image:Dolnoslaskie flaga.png 999x15pxImage:Opolskie flaga2.jpg 999x15px Dolny ÅšlÄ…sk Voivodship Lower Silesia (incl.
Opole Voivodship Opole)||align=right|3,949,452||align=right|29,360 km²
|-
|
Image:Slaskie Flaga.PNG 999x15pxImage:Malopolskie flaga.PNG 999x15px ÅšlÄ…sk Voivodship Silesia and
Małopolska Voivodship Lesser Poland||align=right|7,963,996||align=right|27,438 km²
|-
|
Image:Pomorskie flaga.png 999x15pxImage:Kujawsko-pomorskie flaga.png 999x15pxImage:Warminsko-mazurskie flaga.png 999x15px Pomeranian Voivodship Pomerania,
Kujawy-Pomorze Voivodship Kuyavia-Pomerania and
Warmian-Masurian Voivodship Warmia-Masuria||align=right|5,688,337||align=right|60,466 km²
|-
|
Image:Wojewodztwo swietokrzyskie flaga.svg 999x15pxImage:Lubelskie flaga.png 999x15pxImage:Podlaskie Flaga.PNG 999x15pxImage:Podkarpackie flaga.png 999x15px Galicia (
Święty Krzyż Voivodship Holy Cross,
Lublin Voivodship Lublin,
Podlasie Voivodship Podlasie, and
Podkarpacie Voivodship Subcarpathia)||align=right|6,779,455||align=right|74,848 km²
|-
|
Image:Masovian voivodship flag.png 999x15pxImage:Flag_of_Lodzkie.svg 999x15px Mazowsze Voivodship Masovia and
Å?ódź Voivodship Å?ódź||align=right|7,732,113||align=right|53,817 km²
|-
|rowspan="3"|{{POR}}||
Image:Flag of the Azores.svg 999x15px Azores||align=right|241,763||align=right|2,333 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Portugal.svg 999x15px Continental Portugal||align=right|10,566,212||align=right|92,391 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Madeira.svg 999x15px Madeira Islands||align=right|~250,000||align=right|797 km²
|-
|colspan="2"|{{SVK}}||align=right|5,379,455||align=right|49,036 km²
|-
|colspan="2"|{{SVN}}||align=right|2,001,114||align=right|20,273 km²
|-
|rowspan="15"|{{ESP}}||
Image:Bandera de AndalucÃa.png 999x15px Andalusia||align=right|7,849,799||align=right|87 268 km²
|-
|
Image:Aragon Flag.PNG 999x15px Aragon||align=right|1,217,514||align=right|47 719 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Asturias.svg 999x15px Asturias||align=right|1,056,789||align=right|10 604 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg 999x15px Balearic Islands||align=right|916,968||align=right|4 992 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of the Basque Country.svg 999x15px Basque Country (autonomous community) Basque Country||align=right|2,108,281||align=right|7 234 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of the Canary Islands.svg 999x15px Canary Islands||align=right|1,843,755||align=right|7 447 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Castilla y León.svg 999x15pxImage:Bandera Castilla-La Mancha.svg 999x15pxImage:Flag of Cantabria.svg 999x15pxImage:Flag of the Community of Madrid.svg 999x15px Castile-Leon Castile and Leon and
Castile-La Mancha (incl.
Cantabria (community in Spain) Cantabria and
Madrid (autonomous community) Madrid)||align=right|10,776,240||align=right|187,002 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Catalonia.svg 999x15px Catalonia||align=right|6,506,440||align=right|32 114 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Ceuta.svg 999x15px Ceuta||align=right|76,152||align=right|28 km²
|-
|
Image:Banderaextremadura.png 999x15px Extremadura||align=right|1,073,050||align=right|41 634 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Galicia.svg 999x15px Galicia (Spain) Galicia||align=right|2,737,370||align=right|29 574 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Melilla.svg 999x15px Melilla||align=right|69,184||align=right|20 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of the Region of Murcia.svg 999x15px Murcia (autonomous community) Murcia||align=right|1,226,993||align=right|11 313 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Navarre.svg 999x15pxImage:Flag of La Rioja (with coat of arms).svg 999x15px Navarre and
La Rioja||align=right|851,242||align=right|15,436 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of the Land of Valencia (official).svg 999x15px Land of Valencia Valencia||align=right|4,692,449||align=right|23,255 km²
|-
|rowspan="3"|{{SWE}}||
Götaland||align=right|4,278,605||align=right|87,173 km²
|-
|
Norrland||align=right|1,175,525||align=right|243,635 km²
|-
|
Svealand||align=right|3,441,580||align=right|80,136 km²
|-
|rowspan="13"|{{GBR}}||
Image:Flag of England.svg 999x15px East of England||align=right|5,388,140||align=right|19,120 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of England.svg 999x15pxImage:Flag of the City of London.svg 999x15px Greater London London||align=right|7,420,600||align=right|1,580 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Northern Ireland.svg 999x15px Northern Ireland||align=right|1,685,267||align=right|13,843 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of England.svg 999x15pxImage:Flag of Northumberland.svg 999x15px North West England and
North East England||align=right|9,245,279||align=right|22,757 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Scotland.svg 999x15px Scotland||align=right|5,062,011||align=right|78,782 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of England.svg 999x15px East Midlands||align=right|4,172,179||align=right|15,627 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Gibraltar.svg 999x15px Gibraltar||align=right|27,776||align=right|7 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of England.svg 999x15pxImage:IOW flag.png 999x15px South East England||align=right|8,000,550||align=right|19,096 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of England.svg 999x15pxImage:Flag of Cornwall.svg 999x15pxImage:Flag of Devon.svg 999x15px South West England||align=right|4,928,458||align=right|23,829 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of Wales 2.svg 999x15px Wales||align=right|2,903,085||align=right|20,779 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of England.svg 999x15px West Midlands (region) West Midlands||align=right|5,267,337||align=right|13,004 km²
|-
|
Image:Flag of England.svg 999x15px Yorkshire and the Humber||align=right|4,964,838||align=right|15,420 km²
|}
References
Loughlin, John et al.: ''Subnational Democracy in the European Union: Challenges and Opportunities''.
Oxford University Press.
Oxford, 2004.
See also
*
Euroregion
*
Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS)
*
Historical regions of Central Europe
*
Historical regions of the Balkan Peninsula
Category:Europe
Category:Regions of Europe *
Category:European Union
cs:Region EU
de:Europa der Regionen
*** Shopping-Tip: Region (Europe)
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