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Rome
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{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+ style="font-size: larger;"|'''Comune di Roma'''
|-
|align="center" colspan=2|
{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"..
|-
|align="center" width="140px"|
Image:Flag_of_Rome.svg 100px
|align="center" width="140px"|
Image:Roma01.jpg 100px|
|-
|align="center" width="140px"|City
flag
|align="center" width="140px"|City
Seal (device) seal
|}
|-
|align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"|
City motto: ''Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR''
(The Senate and the People of Rome)
|-
|Founded||
21 April 753 BC mythical,
1st millennium BC
|-
|Region||
Latium
|-
|
Area - City Proper .html">1 E6 m²
km²
|-
|
Population - City (2004)
- Metropolitan
-
Density (city proper) ||
2,553,873
almost 4,300,000
1.987/km²
|-
|
Time zone.html">Central European Time
CET,
UTC+1
|-
|Coordinates||{{coor dm|41|54|N|12|29|E|region:IT_type:city(2546807)}}
|-
|Telephone Prefix||06
|-
|Postal code||from 00121 to 00199
|-
|
Gentilic|| Romani
|-
|Patron saints ||
St. Peter Sts. Peter and
St. Paul Paul
|-
|Day|
21 April and |
June 29
|-
|
Mayor of Rome Mayor||
Walter Veltroni(''
Left-Wing Democrats'')
|-
|Official site||[http://www.comune.roma.it/ www.comune.roma.it]
|-
|align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"|
Image:Lightmatter colosseum.jpg 250pxThe Colosseum is the international symbol of Rome.
|}
{{ITdot|Rome}}
'''Rome''' (
Italian language Italian and
Latin: '''Roma''') is the capital of
Italy and of its
Latium region. It is located across the confluence of the
Tiber and
Aniene rivers. The
Vatican City, a sovereign
enclave within Rome, is the seat of the
Roman Catholic Church and the home of the
Pope.
Rome is the largest city and ''
comune'' in Italy and it also is the largest among European capital cities, with an area of 1,290 square kilometers. The commune territory extends up to the
Tyrrhenian Sea, with the district of
Ostia, on the south-west, located on the shore. Within the city limits, the population is 2,669,873 (2005); almost 3.5 million live in the general area of Rome as represented by the province of Rome. The current
mayor of Rome is
Walter Veltroni.
With a
GDP of €97 billion (higher than that of countries like Hungary, Czech Republic or Singapore), in the year 2005 the ''comune'' of Rome produced 6.7% of Italy's total
GDP, the highest rate among all of Italy's cities.
The city's history extends nearly 2,800 years, during which time it has been the seat of
ancient Rome (the
Roman Kingdom,
Roman Republic,
Roman Empire), and later the
Papal States,
Kingdom of Italy and Italian Republic. Rome is also called "la Città Eterna" (the Eternal City).
History
{{main|History of Rome}}
The civilization of
ancient Rome originated in the
8th century BC 8th or
9th century BC, when northern tribes migrated to the
Italy Italian peninsula to settle around the River
Tiber. For almost a thousand years, Rome was the most important city in the
Western world and the largest city in the world (the first to reach and surpass 1,5 millions inhabitants), as the capital of the expansive
Roman Empire. With the rise of
Christianity, Rome became the center of the
Roman Catholic Church and the home of the
Popes. The slow
decline of the Roman Empire heralded the beginning of the
Middle Ages, but the city regained prominence as the political capital of Europe for several hundred years leading up to the
Renaissance. Rome remains influential today, as the capital of Italy, of the Catholic Church and as a major world class metropolis.
In
Roman mythology, Rome was founded on April 21, 753 BC by the twin descendants of the
Trojan prince
Aeneas,
Romulus and Remus. Romulus killed Remus in a quarrel over where their city was to be located and became the first of seven Kings of Rome, as well as the source of the city's name{{ref|Livy1}}.
Economy
{{sectstub}}
Today Rome has a dynamic and diverse economy concentrating on innovation, technologies, communications and the service sector. It produces 6.7% of the national
GDP (more than any other city in
Italy) and continues to grow at a higher rate than those in the rest of the country (4,4% yearly).
Tourism is inevitably one of Rome's chief industries. The city is also a centre for
banking,
publishing,
insurance,
fashion, high-tech industries, housing, cinema (particularly at the famous
Cinecittà studios, dubbed the "
Hollywood on the
Tiber"), and the aerospace industries.
Image:EUR.JPG thumb|The EUR district is the core of the business affairs in Rome.
Many international headquarters, government ministries, conference centres, sports venues and museums are located in Rome's principal business districts: the EUR (
Esposizione Universale Roma); the ''Torrino'' (further south from the EUR); the ''Magliana''; the ''Parco de' Medici-Laurentina'' and the so-called ''Tiburtina-valley'' along the ancient Via Tiburtina.
Transportation
Image:ViaAppia02.jpg Via Appia.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|left|The transportation era was started in Rome with the construction of the [[Via Appia, ''regina viarum'' ("queen of the roads")..html" title="Meaning of left|The transportation era was started in Rome with the construction of the [[Via Appia">thumb|left|The transportation era was started in Rome with the construction of the [[Via Appia, ''regina viarum'' ("queen of the roads").">left|The transportation era was started in Rome with the construction of the [[Via Appia">thumb|left|The transportation era was started in Rome with the construction of the [[Via Appia, ''regina viarum'' ("queen of the roads").
Rome has an intercontinental
airport named
Leonardo Da Vinci International Airport - FCO, but more commonly known as
Fiumicino, which also is Italy's chief airport, and the
Giovan-Battista Pastine international airport (commonly referred to as
Ciampino Airport), a joint civilian and military airport southeast of the city-center, along the
Via Appia, which handles mainly charter flights and regional European flights including some low-cost airlines. A third airport, called
Aeroporto dell'Urbe, is located in the north of the city along the ancient
Via Salaria and handles mainly helicopters and private flights. A fourth airport, called
Aeroporto di Centocelle, in the eastern part of Rome between the
Via Prenestina and the
Via Casilina, has been abandoned for some years now, but is currently being redeveloped as one of the largest public parks in Rome.
A 2-line
Metro subway system operates in Rome called the "Metropolitana" or
Rome Metro. Construction works for the first branch started in the 1930s. The line had been planned to quickly connect the main train station (Termini) with the newly planned E42 area in the southern suburbs, where the 1942
Esposizione universale (1942) World Fair was supposed to be held. The event never took place because of war. The area was later partly redesigned and renamed
EUR in the 1950s to serve as a modern business district. The line was finally opened in 1955 and it is now part of the B Line. The A line opened in 1980 from Ottaviano to Anagnina stations, later extended in stages (1999 - 2000) to Battistini. In the 1990s an extension of the B line was opened from Termini to Rebibbia. A new branch of the B line (B1) is under construction, as is a third line, called C. A fourth line, line D, is under development.
The frequent archaeological findings delay underground work. This underground network is generally reliable (although it may become very congested at peak times and during events, especially the A line) as it is relatively short.
As of 2005, total length is 38 km. The two existing lines, A & B, only intersect at one point,
Termini Station (Rome) Termini Station, the main train station in Rome (which also is the largest train station in Europe, underneath and around which exists now a lively shopping center known as the "Forum Termini" with more than 100 shops of various types).
Other stations includes:
Roma Tiburtina Tiburtina (second-largest, which is currently being redeveloped and enlarged to become the main high-speed train hub in the city),
Roma Ostiense Ostiense,
Roma Trastevere Trastevere,
Roma Tuscolana Tuscolana,
Roma S. Pietro S. Pietro,
Roma Casilina Casilina,
Torricola.
The Rome Metro is part of an extensive transport network made of a tramway network, several suburban and urban lines in and around the city of Rome, plus an "express line" to Fiumicino Airport. Whereas most
Trenitalia FS-Regionale lines (Regional State Railways) do provide mostly a suburban service with more than 20 stations scattered throughout the city, the Roma-Lido (starting at
Ostiense station), the Roma-Pantano (starting nearby Termini) and the Roma-Nord (starting at
Flaminio station) lines offer a metro-like service.
Rome also has a comprehensive
bus system. The web site (translated in English) of the [http://www.atac.roma.it/index.asp?lng=2 public transportation company (ATAC)] allows a route to be calculated using the buses and subways. [http://www.atac.roma.it/biglietti/index.asp?COD=320&LNG=2 Metrebus integrated fare system] allows holders of tickets and integrated passes to travel on all companies vehicles, within the validity time of the ticket purchased.
Chronic congestion caused by cars during the 1970s and 1980s led to the banning of unauthorized traffic from the central part of city during workdays from 6.00 a.m to 6 p.m. (this area is officially called Zona a Traffico Limitato,
Z.T.L. in short). Heavy traffic due to night-life crowds during week-ends led in recent years to the creation of other Z.T.L.s in the Trastevere and S. Lorenzo districts during the night, and to the experimentation of a new night Z.T.L. also in the city center (plans to create a night Z.T.L. in the Testaccio district as well are underway). In recent years, parking-spaces along the streets in wide areas of the city have been converted to pay-parkings, as new underground parkings spread throughout the city. In spite of all these measures, traffic remains an unsolved problem, as in the rest of the world's cities.
Monuments
{{Main|:Category:Monuments and sights of Rome}}
Rome houses countless monuments and interesting remains from ancient to modern times. A partial list is given here as quick reference.
Image:Mausolée-d'Auguste.jpg Mausoleum of Augustus.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|The ruins of the [[Mausoleum of Augustus..html" title="Meaning of The ruins of the [[Mausoleum of Augustus">thumb|The ruins of the [[Mausoleum of Augustus.">The ruins of the [[Mausoleum of Augustus">thumb|The ruins of the [[Mausoleum of Augustus.
Ancient buildings
{{Main|List of Ancient Monuments in Rome}}
*
Ara Pacis
*
Baths of Caracalla
*
Baths of Diocletian
*
Catacombs of Rome
*
Circus Maximus
*
Forum Romanum
*
Imperial forums
*
Roman Colosseum Colosseum
*
Curia Hostilia
*
Cloaca Maxima
*
Palatine Hill
*
Pantheon, Rome Pantheon
*
Trajan's Column
Image:001126 1 torre capocci 1.JPG San Martino ai Monti.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|The Capocci Tower, near the church of [[San Martino ai Monti..html" title="Meaning of The Capocci Tower, near the church of [[San Martino ai Monti">thumb|The Capocci Tower, near the church of [[San Martino ai Monti.">The Capocci Tower, near the church of [[San Martino ai Monti">thumb|The Capocci Tower, near the church of [[San Martino ai Monti.
Image:Sicht vom petersdom roma.jpg View over Rome from St. Peter's Basilica.|thumb|right|300px
Medieval buildings and monuments
{{Main|List of Medieval Monuments in Rome}}
*
Aurelian Walls
*
Bocca della VeritÃ
*
Castel Sant'Angelo
*
Torre dei Conti
*
Torre delle Milizie
Modern buildings and monuments
{{Main|List of Modern Monuments in Rome}}
*
Capitoline Hill
*
Monument of Vittorio Emanuele II
*
Palazzo della Cancelleria
*
Palazzo Farnese
*
Piazza Navona
*
Ponte Sant'Angelo
*
Quirinal Palace
*
Spanish Steps
*
Triton Fountain
*
Villa Borghese
*
Villa Farnesina
Houses of worship
{{Main|Churches of Rome}}
Rome is home to over 900 Catholic and Christian churches.
=Basilicas
=
==Patriarchal basilicas
==
*
Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano San Giovanni in Laterano (St. John in Lateran)
*
St. Peter's Basilica San Pietro in Vaticano'' (St. Peter's)
*
Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls San Paolo fuori le Mura (St. Paul outside the Walls)
*
Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore Santa Maria Maggiore (St. Mary Major)
*
Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura San Lorenzo fuori le Mura (St. Lawrence outside the Walls)
==Other basilicas
==
*
Sant'Agnese fuori le mura (St. Agnes outside the Walls)
*
Sant'Andrea delle Fratte
*
Basilica dei Santi Apostoli Santi Apostoli (Holy Apostles)
*
San Bernardo alle Terme
*
Basilica di San Clemente San Clemente (St. Clement)
*
Santi Cosma e Damiano (SS. Cosmas and Damian)
*
Santa Croce in Gerusalemme
*
San Lorenzo in Lucina
*
Basilica di San Marco (Rome) San Marco (St. Mark)
*
Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri Santa Maria degli Angeli
*
Santa Maria in Aracoeli
*
Santa Maria sopra Minerva
*
San Martino ai Monti
*
San Pietro in Vincoli (St. Peter in Chains)
*
Basilica di Santa Prassede Santa Prassede (St. Praxedis)
*
Basilica di San Saba (Rome) San Saba
*
Santa Sabina
*
San Sebastiano fuori le mura
*
Santi Quattro Coronati
*
Basilica di Santa Maria in Trastevere Santa Maria in Trastevere
=Other important churches
=
The following do not yet have articles, but are important nonetheless:
*
San Giovanni dei Fiorentini
*
San Lorenzo in Miranda San Lorenzo in Miranda (temple of Antoninus and Faustina)
*
Santi Marcellino e Pietro
*
Santa Maria della Pace (Rome) Santa Maria della Pace
*
Santa Maria dei Monti
=Other religions edifices
=
*
Great Synagogue of Rome
*
Great Mosque of Rome and Islamic Cultural Center
Administrative subdivision of Rome
{{main|Administrative subdivision of Rome}}
The
Administrative subdivision of Rome consists in the division of the large territory of Rome into nineteen
Districts.
Province of Rome
{{main|Province of Rome}}
Rome is the capital of a
provinces of Italy province, with an area of 5,352 sq. km, and a total population of 3,700,424 (2001) in 120 ''
comune comuni''. The province can be viewed as the extended
metropolitan area of the town of Rome, although in its more peripheral portions, especially to the north, it comprises towns surrounded by firmly rural landscape, just as towns elsewhere throughout Italy.
Markets and shopping areas
{{sectstub}}
Porta Portese
Street market on Sunday mornings, from very early to around 1pm, on the left bank of the Tiber, between Porta Portese and Stazione Trastevere, centered on Via Portuense. The wares are mainly clothes, both old and new. The second-hand clothing stalls are by far the more popular, with the clothes sorted by type (leathers and furs, jeans, coats, children’s clothes, etc) and piled on large tables with everything at the same (low) price. Tables start at 50 cent, and range up to 20 euro for high-quality leather and fur.
Campo de' Fiori
Campo de' Fiori is one of the oldest markets in Rome, where food and flowers are most frequently found. Though the name literally means "field of flowers," there are no fields in sight; it's in the middle of downtown Rome, off of the Corso Vittorio Emanuele II. The market is open every morning of the week except Sunday. Campo de' Fiori, surrounded by many bars and restaurants, is also a popular destination at night for locals and foreigners alike.
Via Frattina
Image:Pasquino 1.JPG thumb|The "Speaking statue" of Pasquino.
A parallel of Via Condotti begins at Piazza di Spagna as this it's closed to traffic. A concentration of shops of various type.
Symbols and trivia
Image:SPQR-Stone.jpg thumb|left|The city motto, recalling the times of the ancient Roman Republic.
Rome is commonly identified by several proper symbols, including the
Roman Colosseum Colosseum, the she-wolf (''Lupa capitolina''), the imperial eagle, and the symbols of
Christianity. The famous acronym ''
SPQR'' recalls the ancient age and the unity between
Roman Senate and Roman people.
Rome is called "L'Urbe" (The City), "''Caput mundi''" (head of the world), "Città Eterna" (eternal city), and "Limen Apostolorum" (the threshold of the apostles).
The town's colors are golden yellow and red (garnet): they stand, respectively, for Christian and Imperial dignities.
Rome has two holidays of its own:
April 21 (
the founding of Rome), and
June 29 (the feast of its patron saints,
Saint Peter Peter and
Paul of Tarsus Paul). Other locally important dates are
December 8 (the
Immaculate Conception) and
January 6 (
Epiphany (feast) Epiphany).
Rome was once surrounded by the toll-free beltway called The ''Grande Raccordo Anulare'' (commonly shortened "Il GRA" or "Il Raccordo"), which is 68 km long. This beltway has since been outgrown by the city, and the city has other districts well beyond it. Examples are Casalpalocco, Mostacciano, Infernetto among others.
Some proverbs about the Eternal City:
*When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
*All roads lead to Rome.
*Rome wasn't built in a day.
During its long history, Rome has always had a scarcity of native inhabitants, so by tradition a "true" Roman is one whose family has lived in Rome for no fewer than 7 generations: this is the original "Romano de Roma" (in ''
romanesco'', the local
dialect of
Italian language Italian).
For the Northern federalist party
Lega Nord, Rome is the symbol of the allegedly parasitic Italian central government, crystalized in their slogan ''Roma ladrona'' ("Thief Rome").
Rome hosted the
1960 Summer Olympics.
Events
{{sectstub}}
*''Roma Europa Festival'', September: Annual appointment for modern
art and
theatre, music and dance, with artists from of all Europe.
* ''Festival Romics'', October: Comics and Cartoon Festival: exhibitions, cartoon film showings of designers and publishing companies.
* ''Roma Jazz Festival'', October: Festival of jazz music since of 1876. Italian and international artists.
* ''Roman Summers'', from June to September: Various events from music to theater, literary meetings and cinema. Events that take place in the most characteristic places in Rome that attract the participation of thousands of artists from all over the world.
* ''Literature Festival'', from May to June: Readings of works of famous contemporary writers, accompanied by music, in the setting of Basilica di Massenzio. ([http://www.festivaldelleletterature.it/index.asp?lang=en])
Cultural Events
White Night
Series of events at venues throughout Rome on September: concerts, special outdoor performances, churches and monuments open to the public during, museums open all night with free entrance, shops open all nights. ([http://www.lanottebianca.it/index.asp?lang=en&destinazione=cosa_])
Sister cities
* {{flagicon|United States}}
New York City,
USA
* {{flagicon|France}}
Paris,
France
* {{flagicon|Japan}}
Tokyo,
Japan
See also
*
Eurovision Song Contest 1991
Notes
# {{note|Livy1}} Titus Livius (
Livy) ''Ab Urbe Condita'' (History of Rome), Book I
References
*References and bibliography can be found in the more detailed articles linked to in this article.
External links
{{commons|Roma}}
{{wikibooks}}
{{wikitravel}}
-
Official Site of the City of Rome
-
Roma Sotterranea/Subterranean Rome
-
Bill Thayer's Gazetteer of Rome
-
Rome Travel Guide
-
Roma Antica e Roma Moderna, in Italian
-
Rome for Beginners
-
Fountains of Rome
Ancient Rome
-
Rome in the footsteps of an XVIIIth Century traveller
-
Encyclopædia Romana, by James Grout
-
La maquette de Rome
-
"Forum Romanum", a ThinkQuest site
-
"Forum Romanum" Project at VRoma
-
"VirtualRome" Complete guide of Rome
-
Andrea Pollett's Virtual Roma
-
Titus Livius (Livy) Roman Historian (59 BC-AD 17)
Christian Rome
*
:Category:Churches of Rome ''See 's category "Churches of Rome"''
Galleries
-
Satellite image of Rome at
NASA's
Earth Observatory
-
Fontanelle di Roma, including the aqueducts
-
Free Rome Pictures
-
Photos of Rome
-
PhotoRoma
-
Vedute di Roma
-
Pictures of Rome
-
Arounder.Com (QTVR panoramas)
-
Photos gallery Rome - Photos of Monuments in Rome
-
Photos and descriptions of Monuments in Rome
-
Some virtual tours in Rome by Tolomeus
Maps
-
Rome and environs (Lazio)
-
downtown Rome (WalkingRome)
-
Interactive map (Activitaly)
-
Map of Ancient Rome
-
Google Maps satellite images of Rome
-
Maps and Transports of Rome
{{Olympic Summer Games Host Cities}}
Category:Rome *
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Image:Lightmatter colosseum.jpg 220px|thumb|right|Once host to [[gladiators, the
Colosseum is now one of the world's most recognisable
tourist attractions]]
'''
Rome''' (or, in
Italian language Italian and
Latin language Latin, '''Roma''') is the
capital city of
Italy. It is located on the
Tiber river, in the central part of the country near the
Mediterranean Sea. The
Vatican City, located in an
enclave within Rome, is the seat of the
Pope of the
Roman Catholic Church.
Inhabited for over 3000 years — the
city was the seat of the
Roman Kingdom,
Roman Republic and the
Roman Empire — it has now grown to cover a
metropolitan area with more than three million inhabitants, making it the largest city of the
Italian peninsula.
{{catmore}}
Category:Cities in Italy
Category:Capitals in Europe
Category:Roman sites of the Lazio
Category:Baroque sites of the Lazio
Category:Gothic sites of the Lazio
Category:Renaissance sites of the Lazio
Category:Romanesque sites of the Lazio
Category:Archaeological sites in Italy
Category:Eurovision host cities
Category:Holy cities
Category:Host cities of the Summer Olympic Games
Category:World Heritage Sites in Italy
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*** Shopping-Tip: Rome
