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Rupert Murdoch

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Image:Rmurdoch.jpg frame|Rupert Murdoch '''Keith Rupert Murdoch''', Order of Australia AC, (born March 11, 1931) is an Australian-born media proprietor based in New York City who is a major shareholder and the Chairman and Managing Director of News Corporation, one of the world's largest and most influential media corporations. He is one of the few chief executives of any multinational media corporation who (through a family company) have a controlling ownership share in the companies they run, but the family no longer has a majority stake. Beginning with newspapers, magazines and television stations in his native Australia, Murdoch expanded into Media of the United Kingdom British and Media of the United States American media, and in recent years has become a powerful force in satellite television, the film industry and other forms of media. Murdoch is known best for tabloid newspapers. ''The Sun'' in London, ''The Post'' in New York, ''The Herald Sun'' in Melbourne and ''The Daily Telegraph'' in Sydney are among the most successful, profitable and influential tabloids in the world.

Early life
Image:murdochfamily.jpg thumb|300px|Rupert Murdoch in 1937 with his parents, Keith and Elisabeth Murdoch, and his sister, departing Melbourne for Britain by sea. Murdoch was born in Melbourne, Australia. His father was Keith Murdoch Sir Keith Murdoch. The elder Murdoch was a well-connected member of the Australian gentry, working as a journalist and adviser to Billy Hughes, the Prime Minister of Australia during World War I, and became Australia's most influential newspaper executive and media owner, directing the Melbourne-based The Herald and Weekly Times Ltd Herald and Weekly Times Ltd. He was reportedly often frustrated by the slowness of young Murdoch's early progress and despaired of his son being able to take over from him. Rupert Murdoch was deeply influenced by his father, and although he clearly wished to emulate him, he often rebelled. Murdoch's mother is Dame Elisabeth Murdoch, nÃ©e Elisabeth Greene. Dame Elisabeth, at 97, remains a strong influence on Rupert, usually in the direction of moderation. The young Murdoch was educated at Geelong Grammar School and later at Worcester College, Oxford Worcester College at the University of Oxford.

Start of business career
After his father's sudden death in 1952, Rupert returned to Australia to take over the running of his father's business. Although he had expected to inherit a considerable fortune and a prominent position, he was left with a relatively modest inheritanceâ€”after death duties and taxes, the main legacy was ownership of the Adelaide The News (Adelaide) ''News'' (which gave its name to his company). His early publishing career was notable for the News' campaign against the murder conviction of Indigenous Australians Aborigine, Max Stuart, for which Murdoch took much credit, although the real hero of the story was Murdoch's crusading editor, Rohan Rivett. Over the next few years, Murdoch gradually established himself as one of most dynamic media proprietors in the country, quickly expanding his holdings by acquiring a string of daily and suburban newspapers in most capital cities, including the Sydney afternoon paper, ''The Daily Mirror (Australia) The Daily Mirror'', as well as a small Sydney-based recording company, Festival Records. His acquisition of the ''Mirror'' proved crucial to his success, allowing him to challenge the dominance of his two main rivals in the Sydney market, the John Fairfax Holdings Fairfax Newspapers group, which published the hugely profitable ''Sydney Morning Herald'', and the Australian Consolidated Press Consolidated Press group, owned by Sir Frank Packer, which published the city's leading tabloid paper, the ''The Daily Telegraph (Australia) Daily Telegraph''. In 1964, Murdoch made his next important advance when he established ''The Australian'', Australia's first national daily newspaper, based first in Canberra and later in Sydney. ''The Australian'', a broadsheet, gave Murdoch a new respectability as a "quality" newspaper publisher, and also greater political influence since ''The Australian'' has always had an elite readership, if not always a large circulation. In 1972, Murdoch acquired the Sydney-based ''The Daily Telegraph (Australia) Daily Telegraph'' from Frank Packer Sir Frank Packer, making him one of the "big three" newspaper proprietors in Australia, along with Sir Warwick Fairfax in Sydney and his father's old The Herald and Weekly Times Ltd Herald and Weekly Times Ltd in Melbourne. In the 1972 elections, Murdoch swung his newspapers' support behind Gough Whitlam and the Left-wing politics leftist Australian Labor Party, but by 1975 he had turned against Labor, and since then has almost always supported the rightist Liberal Party of Australia Liberal Party. Over the next ten years, as his press empire grew, Murdoch established a hugely lucrative financial base, and these profits were routinely used to subsidize further acquisitions. In his early years of newspaper ownership Murdoch was an aggressive, micromanaging entrepreneur. The popular myth regarding this period suggests that his standard tactic was to buy loss-making Australian newspapers and turn them around by introducing radical management and editorial changes and fighting no-holds-barred circulation wars with his competitors. For an alternative view see Bruce Page's ([http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0743239369/026-3713299-8534840] The Murdoch Archipelago). By whichever methods his success was achieved, by the 1970s, Murdoch's power base was so strong that he was able to acquire leading newspapers and magazines beyond Australia in both London and New York, as well as many other media holdings. Murdoch's desire for dominant cross-media ownership manifested earlyâ€”in 1961 he bought an ailing Australian record label, Festival Records, and within a few years it had become the leading local recording company. He also bought a television station in Wollongong, New South Wales, hoping to use it to break into the Sydney television market, but found himself frustrated by Australia's cross-media ownership laws, which prevented him from owning both a major newspaper and television station in the same city. Since then he has consistently lobbied, both personally and through his papers, to have these laws changed in his favour.

Acquisitions in Britain
Murdoch moved to Britain in the mid 1960s and rapidly became a major force there after his acquisitions of the ''News of the World,'' ''The Sun (newspaper) The Sun'' and later ''The Times'' and ''The Sunday Times'', which he bought in 1981 from the Roy Thomson Thomson family, who had bought it from the David Astor Astor family in 1966. Both takeovers further reinforced his growing reputation as a ruthless and cunning business operator. His takeover of ''The Times'' aroused great hostility among traditionalists, who feared he would take it "downmarket." This led directly to the founding of ''The Independent'' in 1986 as an alternative quality daily. Murdoch has a particular genius for tabloid newspapers. ''The Sun'' in London, reputedly makes a million pounds cash a week for News Corporation. Despite his personal conservatism, he allowed his editors to exploit the selling power of soft-core erotica in the form of topless page three girls (such as Samantha Fox and Jordan (model) Jordan) to increase circulation. As a result, Auberon Waugh of ''Private Eye'' dubbed him "The Dirty Digger", a nickname that has endured. ("digger" was originally a colloquial term for an Australian soldier). In 1986 and 1987, Murdoch moved to adjust the production process of his British newspapers, over which the printing unions had long maintained a highly restrictive grip. This led to a confrontation with the printing unions NGA (British trades union) NGA and SOGAT. The move of News International's London operation to Wapping in the East End resulted in nightly battles outside the new plant. Delivery vans and depots were frequently and violently attacked. Ultimately the unions capitulated and other media companies soon followed Murdoch's lead. Before the Wapping dispute, most British newspapers were chronically unprofitable, partly (though not entirely) because of inefficient and restrictive work practices imposed by the printing unions. These included overstaffing, inheritance of jobs by family members and most importantly resistance to the introduction of new printing technology which would have caused both job losses and the reduction in the power of the unions. The high-tech Wapping plantâ€”the first newspaper office in the world to be totally computerizedâ€”was planned and built in strict secrecy, and its very existence was kept hidden from the unions until it was ready to go into operation. Murdoch and the Conservative Party (UK) Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher collaborated during this affair and the Thatcher government provided heavy police protection for the new plantâ€”dubbed "Fortress Wapping" by its detractorsâ€”during the sometimes violent demonstrations at the area.

Moving into the United States
Murdoch made his first acquisition in the United States in 1973, when he purchased the ''San Antonio News''. Soon afterwards he founded the ''National Star'', a supermarket tabloid, and in 1976 he purchased the ''New York Post''. On September 4, 1985, Murdoch became a naturalized citizen to satisfy the legal requirement that only United States citizens could own American television stations. In 1987 he bought The Herald and Weekly Times Ltd in Australia, the company that his father had once managed. By 1991, his Australian-based News Corp. had amassed huge debts, which forced Murdoch to sell many of the American magazine interests he had acquired in the mid-1980s. Much of this debt came from his British-based Sky Television plc Sky Television satellite network, which incurred massive losses in its early years of operation, which (like many of his business interests) was heavily subsidized with profits from his other holdings until he was able to force rival satellite operator British Satellite Broadcasting to accept a merger on his terms in 1990. (The merged company, BSkyB has dominated the British pay-TV market since). In 1995, Murdoch's Fox Network became the object of scrutiny from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) when it was alleged that News Ltd.'s Australian base made Murdoch's ownership of Fox illegal. The FCC, however, ruled in Murdoch's favour, stating that his ownership of Fox was in the public's best interests. In the same year Murdoch announced a deal with MCI Communications to develop a major news website as well as funding a right-wing magazine, ''The Weekly Standard''. In the same year, News Corp. launched the Foxtel pay television network in Australia in a partnership with Telstra. In 1996, Fox established the Fox News Channel, a 24-hour cable news station. Since its launch it has consistently eroded CNN's market share, and it now bills itself as "the most-watched cable news channel." This is due in part to recent ratings studies, released in the fourth quarter of 2004, showing that the network had nine of the top ten programs in the "Cable News" category. In 1999, Murdoch significantly expanded his music holdings in Australia by acquiring the controlling share in a leading Australian independent label, Michael Gudinski's Mushroom Records; he merged the two as Festival Mushroom Records (FMR). Both Festival and FMR were managed by Murdoch's son James Murdoch (born 1972) James Murdoch for several years.

Los Angeles Dodgers
On March 19, 1998 Murdoch purchased the Major League Baseball team Los Angeles Dodgers from Peter O'Malley for what was reported as $311 million.

Personal life
Murdoch has been married three times. His first marriage in 1956 was to Patricia Booker, with whom he had one child, Prudence Murdoch McLeod. They were divorced in 1967. Very little is known about their marriage, and Murdoch himself has never spoken about it publicly. In the same year, he married an employee, Anna Torv, a Roman Catholic of Estonian extraction. The timing (and Murdoch's subsequent behaviour) suggests that he had begun the relationship with Torv well before his marriage to Patricia ended. Torv and Murdoch had three children: Elisabeth Murdoch (businesswoman) Elisabeth Murdoch, Lachlan Murdoch and James Murdoch (media executive) James Murdoch. Anna and Rupert divorced acrimoniously in 1998. Anna Murdoch received a settlement of some reported US$1.7 billion in assets. Seventeen days after the divorce, Murdoch, 70 at the time, married Wendi Deng, a then-30 year old recent college graduate and newly appointed Vice-President of Star TV, in June 1999. Murdoch has since had two children with Wendi: Grace (born 2001) and Chloe (born 2003). Murdoch's eldest son Lachlan, formerly the deputy chief operating officer at the News Corporation and the publisher of the ''New York Post'', was Murdoch's heir apparent prior to resigning from his executive posts at the global media company at the end of July 2005. Lachlan's surprise departure left James, the chief executive of the satellite television service British Sky Broadcasting since November 2003, as the only Murdoch child still directly involved with the company's operations, though Lachlan has agreed to remain on the News Corporation's board. There is reported to be tension between Murdoch and his oldest children over the terms of a trust holding the family's 28.5 percent stake in News Corporation, estimated in 2005 to be worth about $6.1 billion. Under the trust, his children by Wendi Deng share in the proceeds of the stock but have no voting privileges or control of the stock. Voting rights in the stock are divided 50/50 between Murdoch on the one side and his children of his first two marriages. Murdoch's voting privileges are not transferable but will expire upon his death and the stock will then be controlled solely by his children from the prior marriages, although their half-siblings will continue to derive their share of income from it. It is Murdoch's stated desire to have his children by Wendi Deng given a measure of control over the stock proportional to their financial interest in it. However it does not appear that he has any strong legal grounds to contest the present arrangement, and both ex-wife Anna and their three children are said to be strongly resistant to any such change (see [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/02/business/media/02murdoch.html]).

Recent activities
In 1999, ''The Economist'' reported that Murdoch had made Â£1.4 billion ($2.1 billion) in profits over the previous 11 years but had paid no net corporation tax. It further reported, after an examination of what was available of the accounts, that Murdoch would normally have expected to pay a corporate tax of approximately $350 million. The article explained that the corporation's complex structure, international scope and use of offshore havens allowed News Corporation to avoid tax. [http://www.vision.net.au/~apaterson/politics/economist_murdoch.htm] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1999/02/99/e-cyclopedia/302366.stm] In late 2003, Murdoch acquired a 34 percent stake in Hughes Electronics, operator of the largest American satellite TV system, DirecTV, from General Motors Corporation General Motors for $6 billion (USD). Among his properties around the world are UK's ''The Times'' and the New York Post, the latter of which he turned from New York City's most liberal newspaper into one of the most conservative in the USA. In 2004, Murdoch announced that he was moving News Corp.'s base of operation from Australia to the United States. This was widely seen as a reaction to the inability of John Howard's Liberal Party of Australia to alter Australia's media cross-ownership rules, which Murdoch is known to have wanted changed for decades, and which have prevented him from acquiring more newspapers and TV stations in Australian cities. On July 20, 2005, News Corp. bought Intermix Media Intermix Media Inc., which held MySpace MySpace.com and other popular social network social networking-themed websites. On September 11, 2005, News Corp announced that it would buy IGN Entertainment for $650 million (USD). [http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/sep2005/id20050911_550700.htm] Rupert Murdoch and Ted Turner have been competitors for quite some time. However, it became worse when Murdoch launched the Fox News Fox News Channel to compete against Turner's CNN, ultimately dethroning CNN, with FNC the most popular news network on cable television. In September 2005 the subject of Murdoch's alleged anti-competitive business practices resurfaced when Australasian media proprietor Kerry Stokes, owner of the Seven Network, instituted legal action against News Corporation and the PBL organisation, headed by Kerry Packer. The suit stems from the 2002 collapse of Stokes' planned cable TV network C7, which would have been a direct competitor to the other major Australian cable provider, Foxtel, in which News and PBL have major stakes. Stokes claims that News Corp. and PBL (along with several other media organsiations) colluded to force C7 out of business by using undue influence to prevent C7 from gaining vital broadcast rights to major sporting events. In evidence given to the court on 26 September, Stokes alleged that PBL executive James Packer came to his home in December 2000 and warned him that PBL and News Limited were "getting together" to prevent the Australian Football League AFL rights being granted to C7. On February 9, 2006 after Univision Communications confirmed that it was putting itself up for sale, Murdoch stated that the News Corporation was considering buying Univision. [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/09/business/media/09network.html?_r=1&oref=slogin] Recently Murdoch has been concerned about the role of John Malone of Liberty Media, who has built up a larger economic interest in News Corporation than Murdoch has, but owns less voting stock.

Murdoch and politics
Murdoch is generally seen as a political conservative, though the true picture is somewhat more complicated. In the early 1970s, Murdoch actively supported the Australian Labor Party. Since 1975, however, he has generally supported the Liberal Party of Australia (which is a center-right party). In the US he has been a long-time supporter of the Republican Party and was a friend of Ronald Reagan. Regarding Pat Robertson's 1988 presidential bid, he said, "He's right on all the issues." Murdoch's papers strongly supported George W. Bush in both the U.S. presidential election, 2000 2000 and U.S. presidential election, 2004 2004 presidential elections. In Britain, he formed a close alliance with Margaret Thatcher, and ''The Sun'' was widely credited with helping John Major win an unexpected election victory in United Kingdom general election, 1992 the 1992 general election. However, in the general elections of United Kingdom general election, 1997 1997, United Kingdom general election, 2001 2001 and United Kingdom general election, 2005 2005, Murdoch's papers were either neutral or supported Labour Party (UK) Labour under Tony Blair. This has lead some critics to argue that Murdoch simply supports the incumbent parties (or those who seem most likely to win an upcoming election) in the hope of influencing government decisions that may affect his businesses; though it should be noted that the Labour Party under Blair had moved significantly to the Right on many economic issues prior to 1997. In any case, Murdoch identifies himself as a libertarian.[http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rupert_Murdoch#Murdoch.27s_politics] Murdoch is often accused of running partisan media coverage for political parties that promote policies and decisions which favour his commercial interests. For example, it is believed that Murdoch tried to suppress publication of the memoirs of Chris Patten, the last British governor of Hong Kong, in an attempt to curry favour with China. Patten's book was critical of the Chinese government. Whatever the motives, the book was dropped from publication by Murdoch's HarperCollins publishing company. It was only because of Patten's political influence that the story came to light and the book was published by another firm. It is speculated that Murdoch wanted to please the Chinese government because it happened around the time he was attempting to get a foothold in the Chinese market with the launch of STAR TV. One way in which Murdoch has been accused of using his media to influence the democratic politics is in the revealing of damaging personal information about a particular political candidate. This may be illustrated by the case of Mark Oaten who is a representative of the Liberal Democrat party in the United Kingdom. The Murdoch-owned "News of the World" newspaper revealed in January 2006, that Oaten had been having a homosexual affair on an ongoing basis. Since the Liberal Democrat party holds political viewpoints contrary to Murdoch's current position (specifically, the war in Iraq), some have speculated that Oaten was targeted in order to destabilize the party to which he belongs. In a speech in New York, Rupert Murdoch said that the UK Prime Minister Tony Blair said the BBC coverage of the Hurricane Katrina disaster was full of hatred of America. Mr. Murdoch is a strong critic of the BBC, which he believes has a liberal bias. Murdoch's British media outlets generally support eurosceptic positions, and generally show contempt for the European Union. Murdoch publications worldwide tend to adopt anti-France French, pro-Israel Israeli and pro-American views. During the buildup to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, all 175 Murdoch-owned newspapers worldwide editorialized in favour of the war. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,897015,00.html] Murdoch also served on the board of directors of the Cato Institute. There is contention over the defining of Murdoch's politics as 'conservative', and some feel that it might be more appropriate to see Murdoch's politics as being purely pragmatic and opportunistic, and that behind the support he lends to conservative parties, his overriding agenda is to advance the fortunes of himself and News Corp. It is also likely that he prefers to support conservative parties in large measure because they advocate ''laissez-faire'' economic policies, which would allow News Corp a freer hand in its business dealings, and because conservatives tend to support the relaxation or abolition of existing cross-media ownership laws which, in countries such as Australia, have restricted Murdoch's ability to gain the market dominance that he desires for his company. It is believed that Mr. Murdoch is a big fan of Coventry City Football Club and also loves listening to music by the Queens Of The Stone Age.

List Of Newspapers

Australia
{{col-begin}} {{col-3}} * The Australian [http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/], * The Weekend Australian * The Mercury (Hobart) The Hobart Mercury [http://www.themercury.news.com.au/], * The Northern Territory News (Darwin, Australia) [http://ntnews.news.com.au/] * The Daily Telegraph (Australia) The Daily Telegraph [http://www.dailytelegraph.news.com.au/] (Sydney) * The Sunday Telegraph [http://www.sundaytelegraph.news.com.au/] * Sportsman * Herald Sun [http://www.heraldsun.news.com.au/] * Sunday Herald Sun * The Herald And Weekly Times Ltd [http://theweeklytimes.news.com.au/] * The Courier Mail (Brisbane) [http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/] * The Sunday Mail (Brisbane) [http://www.thesundaymail.news.com.au/] * The Gold Coast Bulletin [http://www.gcbulletin.com.au/] * The Advertiser (Australia) Adelaide Advertiser [http://www.theadvertiser.news.com.au/] {{col-3}} * Cumberland Newspaper Group (20 titles in Sydney suburbs)[http://www.cumberlandnewspapergroup.com.au/] ** Parramatta Advertiser ** Blacktown Advocate ** Canterbury Express ** Fairfield Advance ** Hornsby Advocate ** Macarthur Chronicle ** North Shore Times ** Inner-West Weekly ** Mosman Daily ** The Glebe ** Mt Druitt Standard ** Hills Shire Times ** Express Advocate ** Northern District Times ** Liverpool Leader ** Lake Macguire News ** Penrith Press {{col-3}} * Leader Newspaper Group (30 titles in Melbourne suburbs) * Cairns Post Group (42%) * North Queensland Newspaper Group * Townsville Bulletin [http://townsvillebulletin.news.com.au/] * Quest Community Newspapers (17 titles in Brisbane suburbs) * Sunday Territorian * Centralian Advocate [http://ntnews.news.com.au/] * The Suburban * The Sunday Tasmanian * Tasmanian Country * Treasure Islander * Derwent Valley Gazette (Tasmania) * Sunday Mail * Messenger Press Group * Sunday Times (Perth) {{col-end}}

United Kingdom
* The Times [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/] * The Sunday Times (UK) The Sunday Times [http://www.sunday-times.co.uk] * News of the World [http://www.newsoftheworld.co.uk/] * The Sun [http://www.thesun.co.uk/]

United States of America
* The New York Post [http://www.nypost.com/]

List of Publishing Houses and Divisions
{{col-begin}} {{col-2}} * Access Travel * Amistad Press * Avon Books * Branded Books Program * Cliff Street Books * Eos * Fourth Estate * Greenwillow Books * HarperAudio * HarperBusiness * HarperCollins * HarperCollins Children's Books * HarperCollins International * HarperEntertainment * HarperFestival {{col-2}} * HarperInformation * HarperResource * HarperSanFrancisco * HarperTorch * HarperTrophy * Joanna Cotler Books * Laura Geringer Books * Perennial * Quill * Regan Books * Tempest * The Ecco Press * William Morrow * William Morrow Cookbooks {{col-end}}

Common Characteristics of Newspapers
The newspapers frequently contain cross promotions and endorsements of other Murdoch products and business interests. For example, the Times newspaper has been accused of devoting a disproportionately large number of book reviews to books from a Murdoch-owned publishing house such as HarperCollins. The newspapers generally do not include a panel containing the names of the Editor and responsible journalists for the paper, which traditionally occurs on the letters page of newspaper. This can be compared, for example, with the information provided by the Spanish paper "El Pais", or the German paper "Die Welt". No information about the editorial management of the paper is provided. An address for the publisher of the paper is provided as well as a postal address for letters. Events which may be contrary to Murdoch business interests may not be reported on, or may be given very small exposure in Murdoch newspapers. For example, a protest march in Sydney, Australia involving approximately 50,000 people (a large figure for an Australian protest) against the exclusion of the South Sydney Rugby League Club from the Super League Rugby League competition was reported in Murdoch's Sydney papers in a very discreet manner. Murdoch has significant financial interests in the Super League Competition, or at least in the broadcasting rights{{citation needed}}. Murdoch tabloid papers commonly provide potentially embarrassing details about the personal lives of individuals. Revelations of this nature, if challenged on an ethical level, are generally defended as being warranted as the individuals concerned were or are "public figures".

Murdoch Quotes
"We can't back down now, where you hand over the whole of the Middle East to Saddam...I think Bush is acting very morally, very correctly, and I think he is going to go on with it" [http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,897015,00.html] (3rd paragraph on page, as reported by left-leaning UK Newspaper The Guardian) "The greatest thing to come out of this [war in Iraq] for the world economy...would be $20 a barrel for oil. That's bigger than any tax cut in any country." [http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,897015,00.html] (4th paragraph on page) "News â€” communicating news and ideas, I guess â€” is my passion. And giving people alternatives so that they have two papers to read (and) alternative television channels." (in "The Hollywood Reporter" November 14, 2005) [http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr/film/feature_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001479108] "In this country, Fox News has gotten a big, big audience that appreciates its independence. There's passion there, and it's pushed. ... It has taken a long time, but it has now changed CNN because it has challenged them â€” they've become more centrist in their choice of stories. They're trying to become, using our phrase, more fair and balanced." (in "The Hollywood Reporter" November 14, 2005) [http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr/film/feature_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001479108]

External links

- Murdoch's speech to the Asia Society AustralAsia Centre, 8 November 1999
- Forbes.com â€“ 2004 Forbes 400: #27, Keith Rupert Murdoch
- Ketupa.net â€“ Media Profiles: Rupert Murdoch
- MediaGuardian.co.uk â€“ Special Report: Rupert Murdoch ongoing coverage (registration required)
- Woopidoo â€“ Rupert Murdoch biography and quotations
- TIME.com: Rupert Murdoch from Oct. 25, 1999 issue of ''TIME'' magazine; by William Shawcross
- Murdoch Family tree
- Interview with The Hollywood Reporter
- Interview with Australian radio presenter Alan Jones
- OutFoxed anti Rupert Murdoch site
- List of Media Assets
- World's Most Powerful Men
- K. Rupert Murdoch â€“ SourceWatch
- Review of Bruce Page's "The Murdoch Archipelago", by Godfrey Hodgson
- Wapping: legacy of Rupert's revolution, January 15, 2006 - ''The Observer'': **Three views of the industrial dispute twenty years on.

See also
* Murdoch Newspaper List * News Corporation * News Limited {{News Corporation}} Category:1931 births Murdoch, Rupert Category:Australian businesspeople Murdoch, Rupert Category:Billionaires Murdoch, Rupert Category:Entrepreneurs Murdoch, Rupert Category:Forbes 400 Murdoch, Rupert Category:Former students of Worcester College, Oxford Murdoch, Rupert Category:Living people Murdoch, Rupert Category:Mass media owners Murdoch, Rupert Category:Murdoch family Murdoch, Rupert Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States Murdoch, Rupert Category:News Corporation Murdoch, Rupert Category:Newspaper publishers of the 21st century (people) Murdoch, Rupert Category:People of Adelaide Murdoch, Rupert Category:People related to the Cato Institute Murdoch, Rupert Category:Prostate cancer survivors Murdoch, Rupert de:Rupert Murdoch es:Rupert Murdoch fr:Rupert Murdoch he:×¨×•×¤×¨×˜ ×ž×¨×“×•×§ id:Rupert Murdoch it:Rupert Murdoch ja:ãƒ«ãƒ‘ãƒ¼ãƒˆãƒ»ãƒžãƒ¼ãƒ‰ãƒƒã‚¯ nl:Rupert Murdoch pl:Rupert Murdoch sv:Rupert Murdoch zh:é²?ä¼¯ç‰¹Â·é»˜å¤šå…‹

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