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Russian Ruble
*** Shopping-Tip: Russian Ruble
The '''ruble''' or '''rouble''' ({{lang-ru|рубль}}, plural ''{{lang|ru|рубли}}''; see note on spelling below) is the name of the
currencies of the
Russian Federation and
Belarus (and formerly, of the
Soviet Union and the
Russian Empire).
One rouble is divided into 100 '''kopeks''', '''kopecks''', or '''copecks''' ({{lang-ru|копейка}}, plural ''{{lang|ru|копейки}}'').
The
ISO 4217 currency code for the Russian ruble is '''RUB'''; the former code, RUR, refers to the Russian ruble prior to the
1998 denomination (1RUB=1,000RUR).
Etymology
Origin
The word "ruble" is derived from the
Russian language Russian verb ''рубить'', ''rubit'', i.e., to chop. Historically, "ruble" was a piece of a certain weight chopped off a
silver ingot (
grivna), hence the name. It was the Russian equivalent of the
Mark (money) mark, a measurement of weight for silver and
gold used in medieval western Europe.
In Russian, a folk name for "ruble", '''tselkovyi''' (целковый, wholesome), is known, which is a shortening of the "целковый рубль" ("tselkovyi ruble"), i.e. a wholesome, uncut ruble.
The word ''kopek'', ''kopeck'' or ''copeck'' (''kopeyka'') derives from the Russian ''kop'yo'' (копьё) – a
spear. The first kopek coins, minted by
Muscovy after the capture of
Novgorod in
1478, carried the
Moscow coat of arms with
Saint George slaying a dragon with a spear. The modern Russian kopeck also carries this image.
English spelling
Both the spellings "ruble" and "rouble" are used in English. The form "rouble" is preferred by the
Oxford English Dictionary, but the earliest uses it records in English were the now completely obsolete "robble", followed by "ruble". The form "rouble" probably derives from the transliteration into
French language French used among the
Tsarist aristocracy. There is some tendency for North American authors to use "ruble" and other English speakers to use "rouble", and also some tendency for older sources to use "rouble" and more recent ones to use "ruble", but neither tendency is absolute. An accurate, but ungainly, English
Transliteration of Russian into English transliteration is ''rubl'''.
Plurals in Russian
The Russian plurals that you may see on the actual currency will be modified according to
Russian grammar. Numbers 1, 21, 31 etc. will be followed by singular nominative ''рубль'', ''копейка''. Numbers 2-4, 22-24, 33-34 etc. will be followed by singular genitive ''рублÑ?'', ''копейки''. Numbers 5-20, 25-30, 35-40 etc. will be followed by plural genitive ''рублей'', ''копеек''.
Traditional denominations
The ruble had a unique sequence of denominations: 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 50 kopeks, and 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 rubles. This tradition can be traced back to
Imperial Russia Imperial time. The cut off points between coins and banknotes vary from time to time. In addition, the color theme of the banknote portion of this lineup remained consistent for more than a century:
* 1 ruble: brown
* 3 rubles: green
* 5 rubles: blue
* 10 rubles: red
* 25 rubles: lilac
* 50 rubles: green
* 100 rubles: brown
History
The denominations that are multiples of 3 began to appear in 1828, around the time of the fourth
partition of Poland. In order to integrate the ruble into Poland, coins were denominated in both Russia ruble and in
Polish złoty. The fixed exchange rate at that time was 0.15 ruble = 1 złoty, therefore a coin of 10 złotych was also 1.5 ruble.
The word złotych eventually disappear (until
History of Poland (1918–1939) Poland regained its sovereignty).
This is a rather difficult consistency to maintain given the undesirable inflations and unstable politics that happened in the 20th century. This tradition finally came to an end with the
fall of the Soviet Union.
See also [http://www.pjsymes.com.au/articles/three.htm Currency of Three]
History
Image:Russian Empire-1898-Bill-1-Reverse.jpg 1898.html"_title="Meaning of thumb thumb|right|250px|[[1898_
Russian Empire one rouble bill, obverse.html" title="Meaning of right|250px|[[1898">thumb|right|250px|[[1898
Russian Empire one rouble bill, obverse">right|250px|[[1898">thumb|right|250px|[[1898
Russian Empire one rouble bill, obverse
Image:Russian Empire-1898-Bill-1-Obverse.jpg 1898.html"_title="Meaning of thumb thumb|right|250px|[[1898_
Russian Empire one rouble bill, reverse.html" title="Meaning of right|250px|[[1898">thumb|right|250px|[[1898
Russian Empire one rouble bill, reverse">right|250px|[[1898">thumb|right|250px|[[1898
Russian Empire one rouble bill, reverse
First Ruble, Antiquity - December 31 1921
The ruble has been the Russian unit of currency for about 500 years.
From 1710, the ruble has been divided into 100 kopek.
The amount of precious metal in a ruble varied over time. In a
1704 currency reform,
Peter I of Russia Peter I standardized the ruble to 28
grams of
silver. While ruble coins were silver, there were higher denominations minted of gold and
platinum. 1 ruble was equal to 18 grams of silver for most of the time. The gold ruble introduced in
1897 was equal to 0.774235 g of gold or 2â…”
French francs. At the time of the
First World War, the ruble was revalued three times in three years.
Second Ruble, January 1 1922 - December 31 1922
The
1922 redenomination was at a rate of 1 "new" ruble for 10,000 "old" rubles. Only banknotes were issued, in denominations of 1 ruble to 10,000 rubles
Third Ruble, January 1 1923 - March 6 1924
The
1923 redenomination was at a rate of 100 to 1. Again, only paper money was issued, ranging from 10 kopek to 25,000 rubles. In early 1924, just before the next redenomination, the first paper money was issued in the name of the
USSR featuring the
Coat of arms of the Soviet Union state emblem with 6 bands around the wheat, representing the language of the then 4 constituent republics of the Union:
Russian SFSR,
Transcaucasian SFSR (Azerbaijani, Armenian, and Georgian),
Ukrainian SSR and
Byelorussian SSR They were 10,000 rubles, 15,000 rubles, and 25,000 rubles.
Fourth (Gold) Ruble, March 7 1924 - 1947
The
1924 redenomination introduced the "gold" ruble at a value of 50,000 rubles of the 1923 issue. This reform also saw the introduction of the chervonets (червонец), worth 10 rubles. Coins began to be issued again in 1924, whilst paper money was issued in rubles for values below 10 rubles and in chervonets for higher denominations. Two further redenominations occurred in
1947 and
1961.
Fifth Ruble, 1947 - 1961
Following
World War Two, the Soviet government implemented a confiscatory redenomination of the currency to reduce the amount of money in circulation. This only affected the paper money. Old rubles were revalued at one tenth of their face value.
Sixth Ruble, 1961 - December 31 1997
Image:BanknoteLenin.jpg 1961.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|[[1961 Soviet Union 10 roubles bill.html" title="Meaning of
thumb|[[1961 Soviet Union 10 roubles bill">[[1961">thumb|[[1961 Soviet Union 10 roubles bill
The 1961 redenomination was a repeat of the 1947 reform, with the same terms applying. The Soviet ruble of 1961 was formally equal to 0.987412 g of
gold, but the exchange for gold was never available to the general public. The ruble is no longer linked to a
gold standard. Following the breakup of the Soviet Union in
1991, the ruble remained the currency of the Russian Federation. During the period of high
inflation of the early
1990s, the ruble was significantly devalued. 5 series had been issued:
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"
!colspan=6|Coin Series of the Sixth Ruble
|-
! Series !! Denomination !! Composition !! Obverse !! Reverse !! Issuer
|-
| 1961 || 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 50 kopeek, 1 ruble || 1, 2 kopeiki:
brass3, 5 kopeek:
aluminium bronze10 kopeek - 1 ruble:
copper-
nickel-
zinc.html">Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union
State emblem ||rowspan=4| Value ||rowspan=2| USSR
|-
| 1991 || 10, 50 kopeek, 1, 5, 10 rubles || 10 kopeek:
copper clad
steel50 kopeek - 5 rubles:
cupronickel10 rubles: ring: ?
center:
aluminium bronze||
Kremlin
|-
| 1992 || 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 rubles|| 1, 5 rubles:
brass clad
steel10, 20 rubles:
cupronickel or
cupronickel clad
steel150 rubles: ring:
cupronickel center:
aluminium bronze100 rubles: ring:
aluminium bronze center:
cupronickel||rowspan=2| 2-headed eagle emblem of the Bank of Russia ||rowspan=2|
Bank of Russia
|-
| 1993 || 50, 100 rubles || 50 rubles:
aluminium bronze or
brass clad
steel100 rubles:
cupronickel
|}
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"
!colspan=6|Banknote Series of the Sixth Ruble
|-
! Series !! Denomination !! Obverse !! Reverse !! Issuer !! Languages
|-
| 1961 || 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 rubles ||rowspan=3|
Lenin or views of the
Kremlin ||rowspan=4| Value, and views of the
Kremlin for 50 rubles or higher||rowspan=2|USSR || 15
|-
| 1991 || 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 rubles ||Russian
2
|-
| 1992 || 50, 200, 500, 1000, 5000, 10000 rubles || USSR for 1000 rubles and lower
Bank of Russia for 5000 and 10000 rubles ||rowspan=3| Russian
|-
| 1993 || 100, 200, 500, 1000, 5000, 10000, 50000 rubles ||
Kremlin with the
Flag of Russia tri-color Russian flag ||rowspan=2|
Bank of Russia
|-
| 1995 || 1000, 5000, 10 000, 50 000, 100 000, 500 000 rubles ||colspan=2|Same design as today's banknotes, where 1 new ruble = 1000 old rubles. See below.
3, 4
|}
=Note
=
#The 10 and 20 ruble coins of the 1992 series are also available in 1993. However, the composition is not associated with the year for 10 rubles. Therefore, there are 4 permutations for 10 rubles. 1992-
cupronickel-clad-
steel combination does not exist for 20 rubles.
#Except for the 50 rubles and the first edition of the 100 rubles, where all 15 languages were written.
#1000 old ruble note did not continue as 1 new ruble note. The 1000 ruble note of the 1995 series showed the seaport of
Vladivostok and the memorial column on obverse and the entrance to
Vladivostok on reverse.
#This is the first series in modern time where the majority of buildings and landscapes portraits are outside of
Moscow.
Seventh Ruble, January 1 1998 -
Image:Rouble.jpg 1998.html"_title="Meaning of thumb thumb|right|250px|[[1998_
Russian Federation one rouble coin, obverse and reverse.html" title="Meaning of right|250px|[[1998">thumb|right|250px|[[1998
Russian Federation one rouble coin, obverse and reverse">right|250px|[[1998">thumb|right|250px|[[1998
Russian Federation one rouble coin, obverse and reverse
The ruble was rebased on
January 1,
1998, with one new ruble equaling 1,000 old rubles. Rebasing did not solve fundamental economic problems faced by the
Economy of Russia Russian economy at the time, and the currency was devalued in August
1998 following the
Asian financial crisis. The ruble lost 70% of its value against the
U.S. Dollar in the 6 months following August 1998.
See also
Russian financial crisis.
All Russian paper money is currently printed at the state-owned factory
Goznak in
Moscow, which was organized on
June 6,
1919 and has continued to operate ever since. Coins are
minted in the
Monetny Dvor mint in
Saint Petersburg St. Petersburg that has operated since
1724 and in Moscow.
In
November of
2004, the authorities of
Dimitrovgrad, Russia Dimitrovgrad (
Ulyanovsk Oblast) erected a five-
meter monument to the ruble.
Nicknames
In the 19 and 20th centuries, the coins of kopeck denominations had individual names: 2 kop.= ''dvushka'', 3 kop.= ''altyn'' (mostly obsolete by the
1960s), 5 kop.= ''pyatak'', 10 kop.= ''grivennik'', 15 kop. = ''pyatialtynny'' (5 altyn; the usage lived longer than "altyn"), 20 kop. = ''dvugrivenny'' (2 grivenniks), 50 kop. = ''poltina'' or ''poltinnik''.
The amount of 10 rubles (in either bill or coin) is sometimes informally referred to as a ''chervonets''. Historically, it was the name for the first Russian 3-ruble gold coin issued for general circulation in 1701. The current meaning comes from Soviet golden chervonets (Ñ?оветÑ?кий золотой червонец) issued in
1923 that was equivalent to the pre-revolution 10 gold rubles.
All these names are obsolete. Nowadays the practice of using old kopeck coin names for amounts of rubles has very common usage. In modern Russian slang only these names are used:
* ''Pyatyorka'' (пÑ?тёрка) for 5 roubles bill
* ''Chirik'' (чирик) simplified "chervonets" for 10 roubles bill
* ''Poltinnik'' (полтинник) for 50 roubles bill
* ''Pyatikhatka'' ('пÑ?тихатка) for 500 roubles bill. Originally pyatikatka (пÑ?тикатка). The term is derived from "пÑ?Ñ‚ÑŒ кать" (five Catherines). ''Katya'' (катÑ?, Catherina) was a slang name for 100 roubles bill in tsarist Russia, as the bill had a picture of
Catherine II of Russia Catherine II on it. КатÑ? for a 100 roubles bill is hardly ever used now, but the derivative, пÑ?тикатка, for 500 roubles has lived till nowadays. A misspelled variant пÑ?тихатка became the most widely used due to the
phonetics of the Russian language.
* ''Shtuka'' (штука, the thing) for 1000 roubles bill and generally amount of 1000 roubles
Coins
Currently, the ruble coins exist in the following denominations:
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"
!colspan=8|Currently Circulating Coins [http://www.cbr.ru/eng/bank-notes_coins/coins/]
|-
! Denomination !! Diameter !! Weight !! Composition !! Edge !! Obverse !! Reverse !! First Minted Year
|-
| 1 kopek || 15.5 mm || ||rowspan=2|
Cupronickel-
steel and
Cupronickel .html">Saint George
|rowspan=7| Value ||rowspan=6| 1997
|-
| 5 kopek || 18.5 mm ||
|-
| 10 kopek || 17.5 mm || ||rowspan=2|
Brass ||rowspan=3| Milled
|-
| 50 kopek || 19.5 mm ||
|-
| 1 ruble || 20.5 mm || 3.25 g ||rowspan=2|
Cupronickel ||rowspan=3|2-headed eagle emblem of the Bank of Russia
|-
| 2 rubles || 23 mm || 5.1~5.2 g ||rowspan=2| Broken reeding
|-
| 5 rubles || 25 mm || 6.45 g ||
Cupronickel-
copper and
Cupronickel ||
2002
|}
1 and 5 kopek coins are rarely used. Note that these coins began being issued in 1998 despite the fact the some of them may bear the mint year "1997".
Banknotes
Since the break up of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russian ruble
banknotes and
coins have been notable for their lack of
portraits, which traditionally were included under both the Tsarist and Communist regimes. With the issue of the 500 ruble note depicting a statue of Peter I, and then the 1000 ruble note depicting a statue of Yaroslav the lack of recognizable faces on the currency has been partially alleviated.
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"
!colspan=10|1997 Series [http://www.cbr.ru/eng/bank-notes_coins/bank-notes/]
|-
! Image Front !! Image Back !! Denomination !! Dimensions !! Dominant Color !! Obverse !! Reverse !! Printed Date !! Issued Date !! Watermark
|-
|
Image:Rub5a.jpg 100px ||
Image:Rub5b.jpg 100px || 5 rubles
1 || 137 x 61 mm || Green || St. Sofia's Cathedral in
Novgorod .html">Kremlin
|rowspan=6|_1997 ||
January 1,
1998 || "5", St. Sofia's Cathedral in
Novgorod
|-
|
Image:Russia10rubles04front.jpg 100px ||
Image:Russia10rubles04back.jpg 100px || 10 rubles ||rowspan=4| 150 x 65 mm || Dark-green and dark-brown || Bridge across
Yenisei River in
Krasnoyarsk, Chapel || Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric plant ||rowspan=4|
January 1,
199820012,
20043 || "10", Chapel
|-
|
Image:Russia50rubles04front.jpg 100px ||
Image:Russia50rubles04back.jpg 100px || 50 rubles || Blue || Sculpture at the foot of the Rostral Column on background of
Petropavlovsk Fortress Petropavlosk Fortress in
Saint Petersburg || Former stock exchange building || "50",
Peter and Paul Cathedral
|-
|
Image:Russia100rubles04front.jpg 100px || align="left"|
Image:Russia100rubles04back.jpg 100px || 100 rubles || Brown-green || Sculpture on the portico of the
Bolshoi Theatre in
Moscow .html">Bolshoi Theatre
| "100", The Bolshoi Theatre
|-
|
Image:russia500rubles97front.jpg 100px ||
Image:russia500rubles97back.jpg 100px || 500 rubles || Violet-blue || Monument to
Peter I of Russia Peter the Great, sailing ship and sea terminal in
Arkhangelsk .html">Solovetsky Monastery
| "500", Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great
|-
|
Image:Russia1000rubles04front.jpg 100px ||
Image:Russia1000rubles04back.jpg 100px || 1000 rubles || 157 x 69 mm || Blue-green || Monument to
Yaroslav Yaroslav I the Wise and chapel of the
Yaroslavl kremlin .html">Yaroslavl
|_2000,
20043 .html" title="Meaning of 2000.html" title="Meaning of 2000">2000,
20043 ">Yaroslav
Yaroslav I the Wise
|}
Note
#5 ruble note is uncommon, being replaced by 5-rouble coin
#Banknotes of the 2001 revision bear the fine print "модификациÑ? 2001г." meaning "modification of year 2001" on the left watermark area.
#Banknotes of the 2004 revision also bear the similar fine print. But more importantly, new security features have been added. They include (but not limited to):
:*'''
Moiré pattern''': The area appears to be one color from one angle, stripes from another angle.
:*'''Wider metallic thread
:*'''Microperforation''' (100 rubles and above): Denomination numeral formed by dots (small perforated holes in the paper)
:*'''Color shifting ink''' (500 rubles and above): The emblem of the Bank of Russia for 500 rubles, and the city emblem of
Yaroslavl for 1000 rubles.
In
2006, 5000 rubles banknotes will be released featuring the city of
Khabarovsk.
There is now a 10 rubles coin (uncommon, but existing).
Ruble in the Soviet Union
{{Splitsection|Soviet Ruble}}
Image:Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Obverse.jpg 1961.html"_title="Meaning of thumb thumb|right|250px|[[1961_
Soviet Union one ruble bill. Obverse..html" title="Meaning of right|250px|
[[1961">thumb|right|250px|[[1961 Soviet Union one ruble bill. Obverse.">right|250px|[[1961">thumb|right|250px|[[1961 Soviet Union one ruble bill. Obverse.
Image:Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Reverse.jpg 1961.html"_title="Meaning of thumb thumb|right|250px|[[1961_Soviet Union One ruble bill. Reverse..html" title="Meaning of right|250px|[[1961">thumb|right|250px|[[1961 Soviet Union One ruble bill. Reverse.">right|250px|[[1961">thumb|right|250px|[[1961 Soviet Union One ruble bill. Reverse.
The Soviet currency had its own name in all languages of the Soviet Union, sometimes quite different from its Russian designation. All banknotes had the currency name and their nominal printed in the official languages of every Soviet Republic. This naming is preserved in modern Russia; for example: Tatar language Tatar for ''ruble'' and ''kopek'' are ''sum'' and ''tien''. The current names of several currencies of Central Asia are simply the local names of the ruble.
The name of the currency in the official languages of the 15 republics, in the order they appeared in the banknotes:
{|class="wikitable"
!rowspan=2| Language !!colspan=2| In local language !!colspan=2| Transliteration
|-
! ruble !! kopek !! ruble !! kopek
|-
| width=20% | Russian language Russian
| width=20% | рубль
| width=20% | копейка
| width=20% | rubl’
| width=20% | kopeika
|-
| Ukrainian language Ukrainian
| карбованець
| копійка
| karbovanets’
| kopiyka
|-
| Belarusian language Belarusian
| рубель
| капейка
| rubyel’
| kapeika
|-
| Uzbek language Uzbek
| Ñ?ўм
| копейка
| so'm'
| kopeika'
|-
| Kazakh language Kazakh
| Ñ?ом
|
| som
|
|-
| Georgian language Georgian
| მ�ნეთი
|
| manati
|
|-
| Azerbaijani language Azerbaijani
| манат
|
| manat
| qəpik
|-
| Lithuanian language Lithuanian
| rublis
| kapeika
| —
| —
|-
| Moldavian language Moldavian
| рублÑ?
|
| rublă
| copeică
|-
| Latvian language Latvian
| rublis
| kapeika
| —
| —
|-
| Kyrgyz language Kyrgyz
| Ñ?ом
| тыйн
| som
| tyin
|-
| Tajik language Tajik
| Ñ?ўм
|
| sum
|
|-
| Armenian language Armenian
| Õ¼Õ¸Ö‚Õ¢Õ¬Õ«
|
| roublee
|
|-
| Turkmen language Turkmen
| манат
|
| manat
|
|-
| Estonian language Estonian
| rubla
| kopikas
| —
| —
|}
Note that the script for Uzbek language Uzbek, Azerbaijani language Azerbaijani, Moldavian language Moldavian, and Turkmen language Turkmen have switched from Cyrillic alphabet Cyrillic to Latin alphabet Latin some time around the breakup of the Soviet Union.
Replacement Currencies in the Former Soviet Union
{{Splitsection|Soviet Ruble}}
Shortly after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, local currencies were introduced in the newly independent states. Most of the new economies were weak and hence all of the currencies have undergone significant reforms since launch that included change of names and denominations. For the details on individual currencies developments and current state of affairs please see the corresponding articles.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Country
! New
Currency
! Conversion Rate
From Ruble
! Date
Introduced
|-
| Armenia
| Armenian dram Dram
| 200
| 1993
|-
| Azerbaijan
| Azerbaijani manat Manat
| 10
| 1992
|-
| Belarus
| Belarusian ruble Ruble
| 10
| 1992
|-
| Estonia
| Estonian kroon Kroon
| 10
| 1992
|-
| Georgia (country) Georgia
| Georgian lari Lari
| 1
| 1993
|-
| Kazakhstan
| Kazakhstani tenge Tenge
| 500
| 1993
|-
| Kyrgyzstan
| Kyrgyzstani som Som
| 200
| 1993
|-
| Latvia
| Latvian ruble Rublis
| 1
| 1992
|-
| Lithuania
| Lithuanian talonas Talonas
| 1
| 1991
|-
| Republic of Moldova Moldova, excl. Transnistria
| Moldovan cupon Cupon
| 1
| 1992
|-
| Moldova, Transnistria
| Transnistrian ruble Ruble
| 1
| 1994
|-
| Tajikistan
| Tajikistani ruble Ruble
| 100
| 1995
|-
| Turkmenistan
| Turkmenistani manat Manat
| 500
| 1993
|-
| Ukraine (*)
| Ukrainian karbovanets Karbovanets
| 1
| 1992
|-
| Uzbekistan
| Uzbekistani som Som
| 1
| 1992
|}
(*) In Ukraine Ukrainian hryvnia Hryvnia was introduced in 1996.
Current RUB exchange rates
On last update (March 13, 2006), the rate was
1 USD = 28.04 rubles
1 euro = 33.424 rubles
1 Renminbi CNY = 3.48453 rubles
Use [http://finance.yahoo.com/currency Yahoo! Finance]:
[http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=AUD&to=RUB&submit=Convert AUD],
[http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=BRL&to=RUB&submit=Convert BRL],
[http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=CAD&to=RUB&submit=Convert CAD],
[http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=CNY&to=RUB&submit=Convert CNY],
[http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=EUR&to=RUB&submit=Convert EUR],
[http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=GBP&to=RUB&submit=Convert GBP],
[http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=INR&to=RUB&submit=Convert INR],
[http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=JPY&to=RUB&submit=Convert JPY],
[http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=MXN&to=RUB&submit=Convert MXN],
[http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=USD&to=RUB&submit=Convert USD]
Use [http://www.xe.com/ XE.com]:
[http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=AUD&To=RUB AUD],
[http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=BRL&To=RUB BRL],
[http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=CAD&To=RUB CAD],
[http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=CNY&To=RUB CNY],
[http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=EUR&To=RUB EUR],
[http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=GBP&To=RUB GBP],
[http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=INR&To=RUB INR],
[http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=JPY&To=RUB JPY],
[http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=MXN&To=RUB MXN],
[http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=USD&To=RUB USD]
See also
* Belarusian ruble
* Transnistrian ruble
* Ukrainian hryvnia
* Central Bank of the Russian Federation
Reference
*{{cite book | title=Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues to 1960 |edition=8th ed. | author=Albert Pick | editor=Neil Shafer, George S. Cuhaj, Colin R. Bruce II (editors) | publisher=Krause Publications | year=1996 | id=ISBN 0873414691 }}
- The Global History of Currencies - Russia
External links
{{Commons| Category:Russian money}}
{{Commons| Category:Soviet Union money}}
* '''[http://www.cbr.ru/eng/ Central Bank of Russia]'''
- Goznak official site
- Wad Nensberg's Russian Banknotes
- Banknotes of Russia
- History of Russian Currency
{{EuropeanCurrencies}}
{{AsianCurrencies}}
Category:Economy of Russia
Category:Economy of the Soviet Union
Category:History of Russia
ar:روبل
be:РаÑ?ейÑ?кі рубель
ca:Ruble
da:Rubel
de:Rubel
el:ΡοÏ?βλι
es:Rublo
eo:Rusia rublo
fa:روبل
fr:Rouble
ko:루블
id:Rubel
it:Rublo
he:רובל
la:Rubelus
ms:Ruble
nl:Roebel
ja:ルーブル
no:Russisk rubel
pl:Rubel
pt:Rublo
ru:Рубль
sk:Ruský rubeľ
sl:Rubelj
sv:Rubel
uk:Карбованець
zh:�布
see Russian ruble
*** Shopping-Tip: Russian Ruble
