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S
*** Shopping-Tip: S
:''The long s (Å¿) will redirect here. See
Long s for it. You may also be looking for the Korean band
S♯arp.''
{{dablink|'''S#''' redirects here. Due to technical limitations, the article on the
S Sharp programming language S# programming language is located at
S Sharp programming language.}}
{{AZ|uc=S|lc=s}}'''S''' is the nineteenth letter in the modern
Latin alphabet. Its name in
English language English is ''ess'', or ''es-'' in compounds such as ''es-hook''.
In most writing systems that use the Latin alphabet, as well as the
International Phonetic Alphabet, the letter [s] corresponds to a
voiceless alveolar fricative voiceless alveolar sibilant.
History
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;text-align:center;"
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
! Proto-Semitic Å¡
! Phoenician S
! Etruscan S
! Greek S
|-----
|
Image:Proto-semiticS-01.png
|
Image:PhoenicianS-01.png
|
Image:EtruscanS-01.png
|
Image:GreekS-01.png
|}
Semitic languages Semitic Shin (letter) ŠÃ®n ("teeth") was pronounced as the
voiceless postalveolar fricative {{IPA.html">Greek language
Greek did not have this sound, so the Greek
sigma (letter) sigma (Σ) came to represent {{IPA|[s]}}. The name "sigma" probably comes from the Semitic letter "Sâmek" (fish; spine) and not "ŠÃ®n". In
Etruscan language Etruscan and
Latin, the {{IPA.html">voiceless postalveolar fricative {{IPA
[ʃ]}} in Hungarian language|Hungarian and
German language German (before p, t) or the
voiced alveolar fricative {{IPA.html">French language
French and
German language German (in English ''rise''; in French ''lisez'' (="read" imperative plural); in German ''lesen'' (="to read").
Care must be taken for incompletely anglicized words from German and proper names from that language. The trigraph "sch" is pronounced similarly to the English digraph "sh," though with rounded lips. When it is followed either by a p or t, it is pronounced with the same "sh" sound, but when starting a word followed by a vowel, it is pronounced like the English "z," not the German one. Firms started in German-speaking countries, like
Siemens AG Siemens, would prefer to have their customers world-wide pronounce the name of the company in this manner.
{{IPA notice}}
An alternative form of ''s'', ſ, called the
long s long ''s'' or medial ''s'', was used at the beginning or in the middle of the word; the modern form, the short or terminal ''s'', was used at the end of the word. For example, "sinfulness" is rendered as "ſinfulneſs" using the ''long s''. The use of the ''long s'' died out by the beginning of the
19th century, largely to prevent confusion with the
minuscule ''
f''. The ligature of ſs (or ſz) became the
German language German ''
ess-tsett'' ( ß ).
Codes for computing
{{Letter
|NATO=Sierra
|Morse=···
|B1=â—‹
|B2=â—?
|B3=â—?
|B4=â—?
|B5=â—‹
|B6=â—‹
}}
In
Unicode the
majuscule capital S is codepoint U+0053 and the
minuscule lowercase s is U+0073.
The
ASCII code for capital S is 83 and for lowercase s is 115; or in
Binary numeral system binary 01010011 and 01110011, correspondingly.
The
EBCDIC code for capital S is 226 and for lowercase s is 162.
The
numeric character references in
HTML and
XML are "
S" and "
s" for upper and lower case respectively.
Meanings for S
* As the first letter of a
postal code,
** In
Canada, S stands for
Saskatchewan.
** In the
United Kingdom, S stands for
Sheffield.
* In
List of international license plate codes international license plate codes, S stands for
Sweden.
* In
photography, some SLR cameras (such as
Konica Minolta cameras) use S to signify shutter priority mode, where the user sets the shutter speed and the camera determines the aperture.
Canon Inc. Canon cameras use Tv instead of S.
* In
calendars, S is often the abbreviation for
Saturday or
Sunday, or the
month September.
U is sometimes used for Sunday to avoid confusing it with Saturday.
* In
education, S stands for a satisfactory
grade (education) grade.
* In
computing,
** S may refer to the
S programming language.
**
<s> is the deprecated
HTML element HTML start tag for strike-through text.
** On
IBM PC compatible pc's, Ctrl-S, and
Mac OS, Command-S, saves the open document.
** On
MS DOS, Ctrl-S stops output to a terminal, while Ctrl-Q resumes it.
* In
economics,
**S may stands for
supply.
**S may be used to represent
savings.
* In
finance, S is the U.S.
ticker symbol for
Sprint Nextel Corporation and formerly the U.S. ticker symbol of
Sears, Roebuck and Co.
* In
weather forecasting and
geography, S stands for
south, one of the 4
cardinal directions.
=In science
=
* ''s'' is sometimes used to represent a position,
distance or
displacement (distance) displacement function, or stands for separation.
* In
astronomy,
** S is the symbol for the
spat (unit) spat, an unit of distance (equal to 10
12 m)
** S stands for
natural satellite; for example,
S/2005 P 2 is the second satellite of Pluto sighted in 2005.
** S stands for the planet
Saturn; for example,
S/2004 S 7 is the seventh satellite of Saturn sighted in 2004.
** S stands for a September 16 through 30 discovery, in the provisional designation of a comet (e.g.
C/1965 S1, Comet Ikeya-Seki) or asteroid (e.g. {{mpl|(4329) 1982 SX|2}}).
* In
biochemistry, S is the symbol for
serine.
* In
chemistry,
** S is the symbol for the
chemical element sulfur.
** The
S-block is a group of
chemical elements in the
periodic table.
** In
stereochemistry, S (sinister) signifies counterclockwise arrangement of substituents around a carbon atom using the
Cahn Ingold Prelog priority rules
* In
mathematics,
** S may represent a
sum.
** Hence, the
long s is used as the
integral sign.
** ''s'' often represents an
arclength.
** A
blackboard bold represents the
sedenions.
** ''S''
''n'' is the
symmetric group of
order (group theory) order ''n''
** S(n,m) is a
busy beaver function in computability theory
* In
metrology,
** s is the abbreviation for the
scruple, an
apothecaries' system unit of
mass (℈ is also used).
* In the
SI system,
** S is the symbol for
siemens (unit) siemens, the
SI derived unit for
electric conductance.
** s is the symbol for the
second, the
SI base unit for
time.
* In
thermodynamics,
** ''S'' stands for
entropy
* In
ultracentrifugation,
** S is the symbol for the
Svedberg, a unit of sedimentation rate. Ex: 70S ribosome.
Similar letters and symbols
* Ŝ, ŝ —
S-circumflex (used in
Turkish alphabet Turkish and other languages)
* Ş, ş —
S-cedilla
* Š, š —
S-caron
* {{Unicode|Ș, ș}} — S with comma below (used in
Romanian language Romanian)
* {{IPA|ʂ}} — S with hook (used in the
International Phonetic Alphabet for
voiceless retroflex fricative)
* {{Unicode|Ṡ, ṡ}} — S with dot above (used in old
Irish language Irish Gaelic)
* {{Unicode| Ṣ, ṣ}} — S with dot below (used in
Indic transliteration)
* {{Unicode|Ṥ, ṥ}} — S with acute and dot above
* {{Unicode|Ṧ, ṧ}} — S with caron and dot above
* {{Unicode|Ṩ, ṩ}} — S with dots below and above
* {{Unicode|Ƨ, ƨ}} — reversed S (used in
Zhuang language Zhuang transliteration)
* ſ —
long s
* {{IPA|ʃ}} — Esh (used in the
International Phonetic Alphabet for
voiceless postalveolar fricative)
* ∫, ∫ — the
integral sign
* $ — the
dollar sign
*
(
Cifrão) is the symbol of the former portuguese currency (
Escudo). It is written with two vertical lines. The same symbol is often used as an allographic variant of the
Dollar sign.
* ß — the
German language German ''
Eszett'' or "sharp s"
* Ѕ, ѕ —
Cyrillic alphabet Cyrillic letter
Dze
See also
{{AZsubnav}}
{{Latin alphabet}}
External links
*
wiktionary:S Wiktionary entry on S
Category:Latin letters
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pl:S
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simple:S
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