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SERBIA
*** Shopping-Tip: SERBIA
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|+
'''Република Србија'''
'''Republika Srbija'''
Republic of Serbia
|-
| style="background: #ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=140px | {{border|
Image:Flag of Serbia (state).svg 125px|Flag of Serbia}}
| align=center width=140px |
Image:Obrgrb.jpg 125px|Serbian coat of arms (large)
|-
| align=center width=140px |
Flag of Serbia
| align=center width=140px |
Coat of Arms of Serbia Coat of Arms
of Serbia
|}
|- style="border-top: 2px solid gray;"
| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9;" |
Image:SerbiaMontenegro-Serbia.png Map of Serbia within the state union
| {{Serbia and Montenegro 2}}
|-
|
Official language
|
Serbian language Serbian{{footnote|1}}
|-
|
Capital
|
Belgrade Image:Small Coat of Arms Belgrade.png 25px
|-
| '''
Independence''' Declared from the
Ottoman Empire
|
Gained autonomy
1817 Independence
July 13,
1878
|-
| '''
Area'''
– Total
– % water
|
88,361
square kilometre km² n/a
|-
| '''
Population'''
– Total (
2002)
(not including data for Kosovo and Metohia Province)
–
Population density Density
|
7.498.001
126.83/km²
|-
| '''
List of ethnic groups Major ethnic groups''' (2002 census)
(not including data for Kosovo and Metohia)
|
Serbs: 82,86%
Magyars Hungarians: 3,91%
Bosniaks: 1,82%
Roma people Roma: 1,44%
Yugoslavs: 1,08%
|-
|
President of Serbia President
|
Boris Tadić
|-
|
Prime Minister of Serbia Prime Minister
|
Vojislav Koštunica
|-
|
Anthem
| ''
Bože Pravde''
|-
|
Time zone
|
UTC +1
|-
|
Currency
|
Serbian dinar (
ISO 4217 CSD)''Also
Euro (
ISO 4217 EUR) in Kosovo''
|-
|
Top-level domain Internet TLD
|
.yu still used (
.cs reserved)
|-
|
Airline National carrier
|
Jat Airways
|-
| colspan=2 style="font-size: smaller;" |
# In Vojvodina, the following languages are also official:
Romanian language Romanian,
Rusin language Rusin,
Hungarian language Hungarian,
Slovak language Slovak and
Croatian language Croatian;
In Kosovo also:
Albanian language Albanian.
|}
The '''Republic of Serbia''' (
Serbian language Serbian: ''Република Србија'' or ''Republika Srbija'') is a
republic in southeastern and central
Europe, which is united with
Montenegro in a loose
commonwealth known as the State Union of
Serbia and Montenegro. The capital is
Belgrade. Serbia borders
Hungary to the north;
Romania and
Bulgaria to the east; the
Republic of Macedonia and
Albania to the south; and
Montenegro,
Croatia, and
Bosnia-Herzegovina to the west.
History
{{History of Serbia}}
{{main|History of Serbia}}
{{see also|List of Serbian monarchs|History of Yugoslavia|}}
The roots of the Serbian state reach back to the
7th century and the
House of Vlastimirović. The Serbian kingdom (centered around
Duklja) was established in the
11th century. Marked by a disintegration and crises, it lasted until the end of 12th century.
The renewal of the medieval Serbian state in the
Raška region was performed by
Stefan Nemanja, the Serbian
Župan Grand Župan who lived in the
12th century. In
1220, under
Stefan the First Crowned, Serbia became a kingdom, and in
1346, an
Serbian Empire empire under
Stefan Dušan was established. The Empire was disintegrated and fell to the
Ottoman Empire Ottoman Turks, after the historic Serbian defeat at the
Battle of Kosovo in
1389, and the northern Serbian territories (the
Serbian Despotate) were conquered by
1459, when
Smederevo fell.
Bosnia (region) Bosnia fell a few years after Smederevo, and
Herzegovina followed in
1482.
In the period between
1459 and
1804, Serbia remained under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, despite three
Austrian invasions and numerous rebellions.
Islam expanded during this time, and many Serbs converted to this new religion.
Image:Karadjordje.jpg thumb|right|Karađorđe Petrović, leader of the Serbian uprising in 1804
The
First Serbian Uprising of
1804-
1813, lead by
Ä?orÄ‘e Petrović (also known as KaraÄ‘orÄ‘e or Black George), and the
Second Serbian Uprising of
1815 resulted in the establishment of the
Principality of Serbia which was semi-independent from the Ottoman Empire, and the formation of
History of Modern Serbia modern Serbia.
From
1815 to
1903, the Serbian state was ruled by the
House of Obrenović, with a break in the period from
1842 to
1858, when Serbia was ruled by
Prince Aleksandar Karađorđević, Prince of Serbia Aleksandar Karađorđević. In 1903, the House of Obrenović was permanently replaced by the
House of KaraÄ‘orÄ‘ević, descended from Ä?orÄ‘e Petrović.
The struggle for a modern society, human rights and a nation state lasted almost three decades and was completed with the adoption of the constitution on 15th February 1835. In 1876,
Montenegro, Serbia, and
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia declared war against the Ottoman Empire and proclaimed their unification. However, the
Treaty of Berlin, 1878 Treaty of Berlin of 1878, which was agreed at the
Congress of Berlin by the
Great Powers, granted complete independence only to Serbia and Montenegro, leaving Bosnia and
Raška to
Austria-Hungary, which blocked their unification until the
Balkan Wars of
1912 and
1913, and
WWI (
1914-
1918).
After 1918, Serbia, along with
Montenegro, was a founding member of the
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later known as the
Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During
World War II, from 1941 to 1944, Serbia was a Nazi-occupied puppet state. In 1945, after World War II, Serbia was established as one of the federal units of the
SFRJ second Yugoslavia, the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia.
From
1992, after the collapse of the second Yugoslavia, to
2003, Serbia, together with Montenegro, was part of the
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Despite the civil wars in neighbouring
Croatia and
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia remained peaceful until 1998, when the clashes between Serbian security forces and the Kosovo Liberation Army began.
Between 1998 and 1999, continued reported clashes in Kosovo between Serbian and Yugoslav security forces and the K.L.A in most of the western media led to Nato aerial bombardment, which would last for 78 days. The attacks were stopped following an agreement, where president of Yugoslavia,
Slobodan Milošević, agreed to remove all of country security forces including the military and the police, and have them replaced by a body of international police, in return for which, Kosovo would formally remain within the Yugoslav Federation (See:
Kosovo War).
Since 2003, Serbia has been part of the
State Union of Serbia & Montenegro, into which the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was transformed.
Geography
{{main|Geography of Serbia}}
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Serbia is located in the
Balkans (a historically and geographically distinct region of southeastern
Europe) and in the
Pannonian Plain (a region of central Europe). It shares borders with
Albania,
Montenegro,
Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Bulgaria,
Croatia,
Hungary, the
Republic of Macedonia, and
Romania. Serbia is
landlocked, although access to the
Adriatic is available through neighbouring
Montenegro, and the
Danube River provides shipping access to inland Europe and the
Black Sea.
Serbia's terrain ranges from the rich, fertile plains of the northern
Vojvodina region, limestone ranges and basins in the east, and, in the southeast, ancient mountains and hills. The north is dominated by the Danube River. A tributary, the Morava River, flows through the more mountainous southern regions.
The Serbian
climate varies between a continental climate in the north, with cold winters, and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall patterns, and a more Adriatic climate in the south with hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland.
Administrative subdivisions
Image:Serbia01.png thumb|right|Serbia map
{{main|Subdivisions of Serbia}}
{{see also|Regions of Serbia|Districts of Serbia|}}
Serbia is divided into 29 districts and the city of Belgrade. The districts are further divided into 108 municipalities. It has two autonomous provinces:
Kosovo and Metohija* in the south (with 30 municipalities), which is presently under the administration of the
UNMIK United Nations, and
Vojvodina in the north (with 54 municipalities).
The part of Serbia that is neither in Kosovo nor in Vojvodina is called
Central Serbia. Central Serbia is not an administrative division (unlike the two autonomous provinces), and it has no regional government of its own. In
English language English this region is often called "
Serbia proper" to denote "the part of the Republic of Serbia not including the provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo", as the
Library of Congress puts it [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/yugoslavia/yu_glos.html]. This usage was apparently also employed in
Serbo-Croatian during the Yugoslav era (in the form of "uža Srbija" literally: narrow Serbia). Its use in English is purely geographical without any particular political meaning being implied.
Politics
{{main|Politics of Serbia}}
{{see also|Politics of Serbia and Montenegro|Politics of Vojvodina|Elections in Serbia|Human rights in Serbia}}
On
4 February 2003 the
Parliament of Serbia and Montenegro parliament of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia agreed to a weaker form of cooperation between Serbia and
Montenegro within a
commonwealth called
Serbia and Montenegro.
After the fall of Slobodan Milošević on
5 October 2000, the country was governed by the
Democratic Opposition of Serbia.
Tensions gradually increased within the coalition until the
Democratic Party of Serbia (DSS) left the government, leaving the
Democratic Party (Serbia) Democratic Party (DS) in overall control. Nevertheless, in
2004 the DSS gathered enough support to form the new
Government of Serbia, together with
G17 Plus and coalition
SPO-NS, and the support of the
Socialist Party of Serbia. The
Prime Minister of Serbia is
Vojislav Koštunica, leader of the
Democratic Party of Serbia.
The current
President of Serbia is Boris Tadić, leader of the
Democratic Party (Serbia) Democratic Party (DS). He was elected with 53% of the vote in the second round of the
Serbian presidential election, 2004 Serbian presidential election held on
27 June 2004, following several unsuccessful elections since
2002.
The current
Prime Minister of Serbia Prime Minister of the
Government of Serbia, as of March 2004, is the former Yugoslav president,
Vojislav Koštunica, who replaced
Slobodan Milošević as Yugoslav president in October of
2000. The government is formed around the of national conservative party DSS, with G17Plus, SPO-NS and is supported by the
Milosevic Socialists (SPS), who do not take part in the government, but in exchange for the support hold minor government and justice positions and influence policies.
Laws concerning the state union must be approved by the
Parliament of Serbia and Montenegro, while bills concerning only Serbia are submitted to the
National Assembly of Serbia.
Economy
{{main|Economy of Serbia}}
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|-
! style="background: #efefef; border-bottom: 2px solid gray;" | Gross Domestic Product
|-
| Real GDP PPP: $28.37 Billion (2005)
|-
| Real GDP Per Capita - PPP: $2600 (2005) (Source: CIA [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/yi.html])
|-
| Real GDP - exchange rate conversion: $22.73 Billion (2005)*
|-
| Real GDP Per Capita - nominal: 3200 (2005)
|-
| Real GDP growth rate 2005: 6.3% (Source: Serbian Government [http://www.srbija.sr.gov.yu/vesti/vest.php?id=22094])
|-
* Central Serbia and Vojvodina
|}
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|-
! style="background: #efefef; border-bottom: 2px solid gray;" | Other statistics (in detail on economy page)
|-
| Industrial production growth rate: 7.1% (2004), 1.3% (2005)
|-
| Unemployment rate: 20.0% (2005) (31.6% with Kosovo)
|-
| Inflation: 15.5% (2005)
|-
| Foreign debt: $15.43 Billion (2005)
|-
| Direct foreign investment received for 2005: $1 481 Million (Source: NBS [http://www.nbs.yu/])
|-
|}
Communications
{{main|Communications in Serbia}}
Transportation
{{main|Transportation in Serbia}}
{{see also|Transportation in Serbia and Montenegro}}
Serbia, in particular the valley of the
Morava, is often described as "the crossroads between East and West", which is one of the primary reasons for its turbulent history. The Morava valley route, which avoids mountainous regions, is by far the easiest way of travelling overland from continental
Europe to
Greece and
Asia Minor.
European routes E65, E70, E75 and E80, as well as the E662, E761, E762, E763, E771, and E851 pass through the country. The E70 westwards from Belgrade and most of the E75 are modern highways of
motorway /
autobahn standard or close to that.
The
Danube River,
central Europe's connection to the
Black Sea, flows through Serbia.
There are three international airports in Serbia:
Belgrade,
Priština, and the newly rebuilt
Niš airport.
The national carrier is
Jat Airways and the railway system is operated by
Beovoz in
Belgrade and by
ZTP Yugoslavia on the national level.
Demographics
Image:Slovaci_u_Srbiji.jpg thumb|Slovaks in Serbia during a traditional dance
{{main|Demographics of Serbia}}
{{see also|Demographic history of Serbia}}
Serbia is populated mostly by
Serbs. Significant
minority minorities include
Albanians, who are a majority in
Kosovo,
Magyars Hungarians,
Muslims by nationality Muslims,
Bosniaks,
Roma (people) Roma,
Croats,
Slovaks,
Bulgarians,
Romanians, etc. Serbia consists of three territories: the province of
Kosovo and Metohia, the province of
Vojvodina and
Central Serbia (
Serbian Cyrillic: Централна Србија,
Serbian Latin: Centralna Srbija,
English language English: Central Serbia. Note: The English language sometimes uses the varieties such are "Serbia proper" or "Narrower Serbia"). The two provinces are ethnically diverse, which is a result of the division of the country between the
Muslim Ottoman Empire in the south and
Catholic Austro-Hungarian Empire in the north.
The northern province of
Vojvodina is the most developed part of the country in terms of economic strength. Together with the
Former Yugoslavia Former Yugoslav republics of
Slovenia,
Croatia and
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vojvodina was under the administration of
Austria-Hungary before the First World War. Vojvodina is probably the most ethnically diverse territory in Europe, probably discluding
London. The names used for peoples national affiliation number more than 25. According to the last completed census (
2002), the province has a population of about 2 million, of which:
Serbs 65%,
Magyars Hungarians 14.3%,
Slovaks 2.79%,
Croats 2.78%, undeclared 2.71%,
Yugoslavs 2.45%,
Montenegrins 1.75%,
Romanians 1.50%,
Roma people Roma 1.43%,
Bunjevci 0.97%,
Pannonian Rusyns Ruthenians 0.77%,
Macedonians (ethnic group) Macedonians 0.58%, regional affiliation 0.50%,
Ukrainians 0.23%, others (
Albanians,
Slovenians,
German people Germans,
Poles,
Chinese people Chinese etc).
{{see also|Demographic history of Vojvodina|Ethnic groups of Vojvodina}}
;Population statistics of Serbia (Estimate May 2005):
*Serbia (total): 9,396,411
**
Vojvodina: 2,116,725
**
Central Serbia: 5,479,686
**
Kosovo and Metohija: 1,800,000
Cities
{{main|Serbian cities}}
{{see also|List of cities in Serbia and Montenegro}}
Major cities (over 100,000 inhabitants) - 2002 data, for
Kosovo and Metohija current UNMIK estimates (unofficial) :
*
Beograd (Belgrade): 1,280,639 (1,574,050 metro)
*
Novi Sad: 215,600 (298,139 metro)
*
Priština: 200,000 (2002 estimation)
*
Niš: 173,390 (234,863 metro)
*
Kragujevac: 145,890 (175,182 metro)
*
Prizren: 121,000 (2002 estimation)
*
Subotica: 99,471 (147,758 metro)
Serbian holidays
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|+
'''Holidays'''
|-
! style="background: #efefef; border-bottom: 2px solid gray;" | Date
! style="background: #efefef; border-bottom: 2px solid gray;" | Name
! style="background: #efefef; border-bottom: 2px solid gray;" | Notes
|-
|
January 1
|
New Year's Day
|-
|
January 7
|
Eastern Orthodox Orthodox Christmas
|-
|
January 14
| National Holiday (Orthodox New Year)
| "СрпÑ?ка Ð?ова Година"
"Srpska Nova Godina"
|-
|
January 27
|
Saint Sava's feast Day - Day of Spirituality
|-
|
February 15
| Sretenje - Serbian
National Day
|-
|
April 21
| Orthodox
Good Friday
| Date for 2006 only
|-
|
April 23
| Orthodox
Easter
| Date for 2006 only
|-
|
April 24
| Orthodox
Easter Monday
| Date for 2006 only
|-
|
April 27
|
Constitution Day
|-
|
May 1
|
Labour Day
|-
|
May 9
|
Victory Day
|-
|
June 28
|
Vidovdan (
Martyr's Day)
| In memory of soldiers fallen at the
Battle of Kosovo
|-
|}
Culture
{{main|Serbian culture}}
See also
*
Serbian language
*
Serbo-Croatian language
*
Serbian literature
*
Serbian law
*
Music of Serbia
**
Folklore and traditional music of Serbia
**
Classical and contemporary music of Serbia
**
Serbian and Montenegrin hip hop Serbian hip hop
*
Serbian cuisine
*
Serbian art
**
Painting in Serbia
**
Sculpture in Serbia
**
Contemporary art in Serbia
**
Photography in Serbia
**
Cinematography in Serbia
*
Architecture of Serbia
*
Religion in Serbia
*
Serb Orthodox Church
*
Famous Serbian people
*
History and culture of Serbs in Vojvodina
*
Savez IzviÄ‘aÄ?a Srbije i Crne Gore
*
Serbian Unity Congress
*
Serbian citizenship
Categories
*
:Category:Serbian culture Serbian culture
*
:Category:European culture European culture
Sport
{{main|Sport in Serbia}}
{{see also|:Category:Serbian sportspeople}}
Miscellaneous
* On
August 17 2004 the
National Assembly of Serbia adopted
Bože Pravde as the country's
national anthem anthem.
* In addition, the
Obrenović royal coat of arms now replaces the
Coat of Arms of Serbia adopted after
World War II. It was first used in the
19th century. The arms are those of the royal Obrenović dynasty; they are used in two versions, the large (pictured) and small (just the central shield with eagle and crown surmounting). Use of these arms is 'recommended' which means that the coat of arms is not yet official. It will become so if adoption of the Obrenović arms is approved by more than 50% of the voters in a constitutional referendum.
*
Asteroid 1564 Srbija is discovered by
Milorad B. Protić and named after Serbia.
* Serbia grows about one-third of the world's
raspberry raspberries.
Gallery
Image:SvetiSavaChurchBelgrade.jpg|Temple of Saint Sava, Belgrade
Image:Kalemegdan.jpg.png|Kalemegdan, Belgrade
Image:Liman002.jpg|Novi Sad
Image:Golubac.JPG|Golubac
Image:MilosObrenovic.jpg|Milos Obrenovic Miloš Obrenović
Image:Subotica city hall.jpg|Subotica
Image:Kalenic Naslovn.jpg|Kalenić village in Šumadija
Image:Centar-panorama.jpg|Niš
See also
*
Serbia and Montenegro
*
Montenegro
*
Yugoslavia
External links
{{sisterlinks|Serbia}}
Government links
-
Serbian Government
-
National Assembly of Serbia
-
The EU integration Office of Serbian Government
-
People's Office of Serbian President
-
National Bank of Serbia
-
RTS - Serbian Broadcasting Corporation
-
Republic of Serbia Statistical Office
-
National Tourism Organisation of Serbia
Other external links
-
The Origin of the South Slavs
-
Glas Javnosti One of the most popular newspapers - Online
-
B92 Most visited news portal in Serbia
-
Burek Forum The biggest forum in Serbia
-
Serbian Genealogical Society & White Eagle
-
Serbia Live
-
Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding Serbia
-
Foundation Rastko
-
Serbian Unity Congress
-
Serbia Blog
{{Serbia_and_Montenegro}}
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{{country|flagcountry|Serbia}}
*** Shopping-Tip: SERBIA
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