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Tighina
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'''Tighina''' or '''Bender''' (Russian: Бендеры;
Moldovan alphabet Moldovan Cyrillic: Тигина) is a city in
Transnistria, a breakaway region of
Moldova. Its geographical location is {{coor dm|46|50|N|29|29|E|}}, population was 142,000 at the census in 2005.
Along with
Dubasari and
Grigoriopol, Tighina is one of the Transnistrian cities with a very large
Romanians Romanian population.
History
The Tighina Fortress was first mentioned as an important customs post in a commerce grant issued by Moldavian ''
hospodar''
Alexandru cel Bun to merchants from
Lvov on
October 8 1408. The document is written in
Old East Slavic and the place is named "ТÑ?гÑ?накача" (Tyagyanakacha). The name Tighina is seen in documents since the second half of the 15th century.
In
1538, the
Ottoman Dynasty Ottoman sultan
Suleiman the Magnificent conquered the fortress and renamed it ''Bender''. In the 18th century, the fort's area was expanded and modernized by the prince of Moldavia
Antioh Cantemir, who carried out these works under the Ottoman supervision. In
1713, the fortress was the site of a skirmish (''
kalabalik'') between
Charles XII of Sweden, who had taken refuge there with
Cossack leader
Ivan Stepanovich Mazepa after their failed attack on
Russia, and Turks who wished to take him hostage and exploit the political difficulties of central Europe. Tighina fell three times to the Russians during the
Russo-Turkish Wars, was annexed alongside with
Bessarabia to Russia in
1812 and remained in Russian hands until
1918. As a part of Bessarabia, Tighina belonged to
Romania between
1918 and
1940, temporary also between
1941 and
1944. During the
War of Transnistria most of the fighting was concentrated in the city for its key strategic location defending
Tiraspol from the right bank of
Dniestr river. Tighina is still controlled by the breakaway Transnistrian government.
Famous natives
Famous people born in the city include:
*
Lev Simonovich Berg, Jewish Soviet zoologist and geographer
*
Tamara Buciuceanu, Romanian actress
*
Mikhail Grigoryevich Chernyayev - Russian general
*
Emil Constantinescu, former Romanian President
*
Jerzy Neyman, Polish statistician
*
Evgenii Konstantinovitch Fiodorov, Russian geophysicist
*
Iuliu Filippovitch Edlis, dramatist, writer
*
Anna Pavlovna Tanskaia, singer
External links
-
City portal
-
Map of the city
{{Moldova-geo-stub}}
{{JudeteMoldova}}
Category:Cities in Moldova
Category:Transnistria
bg:Тигина
de:Tighina
fr:Tighina
lt:Benderai
mo:Тигина
nl:Tighina
no:Tighina
ro:Tighina
ru:Бендеры
sv:Tighina
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