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Timeline of astronauts by nationality
*** Shopping-Tip: Timeline of astronauts by nationality
Image:Astronauts by country date first spaceflight.PNG thumb|Map of countries whose citizens have flown in space
Since the first spaceflight by the Soviet Union,
astronauts who were citizens of 35 countries have flown into space. For each nationality, the launch date of the first mission is listed. The list is based on the nationality of the astronaut at the time of the spaceflight.
{|class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"
! style="background:#efefef;" | Country
! style="background:#efefef;" | Astronaut
! style="background:#efefef;" | Date (
UTC)
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:#ffdead;" align="center"| 1960s
|-
|
Image:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg 20px| Soviet Union{{ref label.html">Yuri Gagarin
| April 12,
1961
|-
|
Image:Flag of the United States.svg 20px| United States{{ref label.html">Alan Shepard
| May 5,
1961
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:#ffdead;" align="center"| 1970s
|-
|
Image:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg 20px| Czechoslovakia{{ref label.html">VladimÃr Remek
| March 10,
1978
|-
|
Image:Flag of Poland.svg 20px| Poland.html">Mirosław Hermaszewski
| July 5,
1978
|-
|
Image:Flag of East Germany.svg 20px| East Germany{{ref label.html">Sigmund Jähn
| September 3,
1978
|-
|
Image:Flag of Bulgaria.svg 20px| Bulgaria.html">Georgi Ivanov
| April 12,
1979
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:#ffdead;" align="center"| 1980s
|-
|
Image:Flag of Hungary.svg 20px| Hungary.html">Bertalan Farkas
| June 3,
1980
|-
|
Image:Flag of Vietnam.svg 20px| Vietnam.html">Pham Tuan
| July 31,
1980
|-
|
Image:Flag of Cuba.svg 20px| Cuba.html">Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez
| September 26,
1980
|-
|
Image:Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1949-1992).svg 20px| Mongolia.html">Zhugderdemidiyn Gurragcha
| March 30,
1981
|-
|
Image:Romania flag 1947-1989.png 20px| Romania.html">Dumitru Prunariu
| May 22,
1981
|-
|
Image:Flag of France.svg 20px| France.html">Jean-Loup Chrétien
| July 2,
1982
|-
|
Image:Flag of Germany.svg 20px| West Germany{{ref label.html">Ulf Merbold
| December 8,
1983
|-
|
Image:Flag of India.svg 20px| India.html">Rakesh Sharma
| April 11,
1984
|-
|
Image:Flag of Canada.svg 20px| Canada.html">Marc Garneau
| October 13,
1984
|-
|
Image:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg 20px| Saudi Arabia.html">Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz al-Saud
Salman al-Saud ||
June 24,
1985
|-
|
Image:Flag of the Netherlands.svg 20px| Netherlands.html">Wubbo Ockels
| November 6,
1985
|-
|
Image:Flag of Mexico.svg 20px| Mexico.html">Rodolfo Neri Vela
| December 3,
1985
|-
|
Image:Flag of Syria.svg 20px| Syria.html">Mohammed Faris
| July 30,
1987
|-
|
Image:Flag of Afghanistan.svg 20px| Afghanistan .html">Abdul Ahad Mohmand
| September 7,
1988
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:#ffdead;" align="center"| 1990s
|-
|
Image:Flag of Japan.svg 20px| Japan.html">Toyohiro Akiyama
| December 10,
1990
|-
|
Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg 20px| United Kingdom.html">Helen Sharman
|May 26,
1991
|-
|
Image:Flag of Austria.svg 20px| Austria.html">Franz Viehböck
| October 10,
1991
|-
|
Image:Flag of Russia.svg 20px| Russia{{ref label.html">Alexandr Kaleri,
Alexandr Viktorenko | August 10,
1992
|-
|
Image:Flag of Belgium.svg 20px| Belgium.html">Dirk Frimout
| April 2,
1992
|-
|
Image:Flag of Italy.svg 20px| Italy.html">Franco Malerba
| August 8,
1992
|-
|
Image:Flag of Switzerland.svg 20px| Switzerland.html">Claude Nicollier
| August 8,
1992
|-
|
Image:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg 20px| Kazakhstan{{ref label.html">Talgat Musabayev
| November 4,
1994
|-
|
Image:Flag of Ukraine.svg 20px| Ukraine{{ref label.html">Leonid Kadenyuk
| December 5,
1997
|-
|
Image:Flag_of_Spain.svg 20px| Spain.html">Pedro Duque
| November 7,
1998
|-
|
Image:Flag of Slovakia.svg 20px| Slovakia{{ref label.html">Ivan Bella
| February 28,
1999
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:#ffdead;" align="center"| 2000s
|-
|
Image:Flag of South Africa.svg 20px| South Africa.html">Mark Shuttleworth
| May 5,
2002
|-
|
Image:Flag of Israel.svg 20px| Israel.html">Ilan Ramon{{ref label
Israel|5|a}} || February 1,
2003
|-
|
Image:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg 20px| People's Republic of China China||
Yáng Lìwěi ||
October 15,
2003
|-
|
Image:Flag of Brazil.svg 20px| Brazil.html">Marcos Pontes
| March 30,
2006
|-
|}
Notes
# {{note |SovietUnion|1|a}} In 1991, the Soviet Union broke up into
Armenia,
Azerbaijan,
Belarus,
Estonia,
Georgia (country) Georgia,
Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan,
Latvia,
Lithuania,
Moldova,
Russia,
Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan,
Ukraine, and
Uzbekistan. At the time of the breakup,
Sergei Krikalev and
Alexander Alexandrovich Volkov Alexander Volkov were orbiting Earth on
Mir, having gone into orbit as Soviet citizens. They returned to Earth as Russian citizens. Kaleri and Viktorenko were the first Russians to go into orbit after the Soviet breakup.
# {{note |UnitedStates|2|a}} Shepard's spaceflight was suborbital. The first American to go into orbit was
John Glenn, on
February 20,
1962.
# {{note |Czechoslovakia|3|a}} In 1993, Czechoslovakia broke up into the
Czech Republic and
Slovakia.
# {{note |Germany|4|a}} In 1990,
East Germany and
West Germany unified into
Germany. On
January 30,
1992, Ulf Merbold became the first citizen of the reunified Germany to go into space.
# {{note |Israel|5|a}} Ilan Ramon was the first Israeli to go into space; however, he died on reentry. Under
Fédération Aéronautique Internationale rules, this does not qualify; but, under the same ruleset, Yuri Gagarin does not qualify as the first astronaut either and these rules are mainly ignored.
Other claims
The above list uses the nationality at the time of launch, with preference given to the sponsoring nation in the cases of dual citizenship. Lists with differing criteria might include the following astronauts:
*
Paul D. Scully-Power, first launched
October 5,
1984, was born in
Australia, but was an American citizen when he went into space.
*
Taylor Wang Taylor Gun-Jin Wang, first launched
April 29,
1985, was born in
China to Chinese parents, but was an American citizen when he went into space.
*
Patrick Baudry, first launched
June 17,
1985, was born in French Cameroun (now part of
Cameroon), and was a French citizen when he first went into space.
*
Shannon Lucid, first launched
June 17,
1985, was born in China to American parents of European descent, and was an American citizen when she first went into space.
*
Franklin Chang-Diaz, first launched
January 12,
1986, was born in
Costa Rica, but was an American citizen when he went into space.
*
Andy Thomas, first launched
May 19,
1996, was born in Australia, but was an American citizen when he went into space.
*
John Herrington, first launched
November 23,
2002 is an American citizen and as a registered
Chickasaw was the first
Native Americans in the United States Native American in space.
See also
* List of human spaceflights:
List of human spaceflights, 1961-1986 1961-1986,
List of human spaceflights, 1987-1999 1987-1999,
List of human spaceflights, 2000-present 2000-present.
*
Spaceflight records
Category:Space exploration timelines Astronauts
Category:Lists of people by occupation Astronauts
Category:Astronauts by nationality
de:Liste der Raumfahrer nach Nationalität
fr:Chronologie des spationautes par nationalité
zh:�国宇航员首次上天时间表
*** Shopping-Tip: Timeline of astronauts by nationality
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