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Toronto
*** Shopping-Tip: Toronto
{{Canadian City
|Reference Name=City of Toronto, Ontario
|Header Format=Custom Flag and Coat of Arms
|Flag Image=Toronto_Flag.svg
|Motto=Diversity Our Strength
|Established= March 6, 1834
|Latitude Longitude=
|CCMapSource=coor br|d1=43|m1=39|d2=79|m2=23|EP=
|Elevation=76
|Time zone=EST
|Postal Code=M
|Population description=
- Total (2001 census)
- Metropolitan (2005)
- Growth
- Rank
|Population=
2,481,494
([http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520005&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= source])
5,304,100 ([http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo05a.htm source])
1.9% annually
List of the 100 largest cities in Canada Ranked 1st
|Population Density=3939.4
|Area= East to West: 43 1 E3 m km
North to South: 21 1 E3 m km
629.91
|City Mayor= David Miller
|MPPs= Bas Balkissoon, Lorenzo Berardinetti, Laurel Broten, Michael Bryant (politician) Michael Bryant, Donna Cansfield, David Caplan, Mary Anne V. Chambers, Marilyn Churley, Mike Colle, Joseph Cordiano, Brad Duguid, Gerard Kennedy, Monte Kwinter, Rosario Marchese, Gerry Phillips, Michael D. Prue, Shafiq Qaadri, Tony Ruprecht, Mario Sergio, George Smitherman, Kathleen O. Wynne, David Zimmer|
Governing Body= Toronto City Council|
City Manager | Shirley Hoy | |
Canadian Senate Senators | | Anne Cools, Art Eggleton, Jerry Grafstein, Vivienne Poy, Nancy Ruth, Peter Stollery |
|MPs= Carolyn Bennett, John Cannis, Olivia Chow, Roy Cullen, Ken Dryden, John Godfrey, Bill Graham (politician) Bill Graham, Michael Ignatieff, Jim Karygiannis, Jack Layton, Derek Lee, John McKay (politician) John McKay, Dan McTeague, Maria Minna, Peggy Nash, Jim Peterson, Yasmin Ratansi, Judy Sgro, Mario Silva, Alan Tonks, Joe Volpe, Tom Wappel, Borys Wrzesnewskyj
|website=[http://www.toronto.ca/ City of Toronto]
|Census Year=2001
|Footnotes=
|}}
:''This article is about the capital of Ontario. For other uses, see Toronto (disambiguation).''
'''Toronto''' is a Canada Canadian city on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario, the most populous in Canada and the fifth most populous in North America (after Mexico City, New York City, Los Angeles, and Chicago.). and the Provinces and territories of Canada provincial capital of Ontario. It has a population of 2,481,494. The population of the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) is estimated at 5,304,100 in 2005 ([http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo05a.htm Statistics Canada]). The Greater Toronto Area Greater Toronto Area (GTA), slightly larger than the Toronto CMA, is defined by provincial authorities for urban planning purposes. Residents of Toronto are called ''Torontonians.'' The city is part of the Golden Horseshoe, a densely populated region in Ontario of over eight million people. Approximately one-quarter of the Canadian population lives within the Golden Horseshoe, and about one-sixth of all Canadian jobs lie within the city limits. It currently holds the tallest freestanding structure on land in the world in the CN Tower, and the first ever stadium to have a retractable roof, the Rogers Centre (formerly the SkyDome), which was built in 1989.
Toronto is a global city, exerting significant regional, national, and international influence, and is one of the world's most multiculturalism multicultural and ethnically diverse cities: 41% of the population was born outside of Canada. Toronto is Canada's financial centre and economic engine, as well as one of the country's most important cultural, art, and health sciences centres. In January 2005, it was designated by the federal government as one of Canada's cultural capitals. It is one of the safest cities for living in North America: its violent crime rate is lower than that of any major U.S. metropolitan area and is one of the lowest in Canada.
In 1998, the current City of Toronto was amalgamation amalgamated from its six prior municipality municipalities and Metropolitan Toronto regional government. The current mayor of Toronto is David Miller. His predecessor, and first mayor of the amalgamated city, was Mel Lastman. The last mayor of the pre-amalgamated city was Barbara Hall.
__TOC__
History
{{main|History of Toronto}}
Toronto is a Huron people's word meaning 'Meeting Place'. The first settlement in the entire Toronto area, was Teiaiagon, which was populated by the Seneca Indians and then later by the Mississauga Indians on the east bank of the Humber River.
'''French Fort (1615-1760)'''
The first European to stand on the shores of Lake Ontario in the vicinity of what is now Toronto was French explorer Etienne Brule. Toronto was very crucial for it's series of trails and water routes that led from northern and western Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. Known as the "Toronto Passage", it followed the Humber River, as an important overland shortcut between Lake Ontario and the upper Great Lakes. For this reason Toronto became a hot spot for French fur traders.
Hostilities existed in Europe between Britain and France that were carried over into the colonial settlements and intense rivalries developed between the two as they vied for control of the fur trade and other resources. By September 1760 the British had defeated the French who withdrew from North America spelling the end of French rule.
'''Governor Simcoe (1793-1812)'''
The American Revolution from 1776-1783 sent loyalists northward to remaining British territory. Their settlements along the upper St Lawrence and lower lakes led to the creation of the province of Upper Canada in 1791. Plans for a town at centrally located Toronto, were effected by Upper Canada's first governor, John Graves Simcoe.
Simcoe mainly viewed the village as a commanding position to guard a troubled American boundary. In 1793 he had a little town laid out by the harbour, naming it York (Toronto was actually named York for a brief period), and soon he was using it as the capital of Upper Canada, erecting parliament buildings and cutting roads inland. Yonge Street was created in 1796, named by Simcoe for then the British secretary of war Sir George Yonge. The street is now recognized as the longest street in the world at 1,900 kilometres (1,190 miles) and stretches from the edge of Lake Ontario all the way up past Lake Superior. In the fall of 1796 Simcoe returned to Britain on leave and was reassigned to military duties in the West Indies.
'''War at York (1812-1815)'''
On June 18, 1812, James Madison, the President of the United States, signed a declaration of war against Great Britain. This war was an outgrowth of conflict by Britain who were blatantly disregarding the naval and trade rights of the United States. American citizens also believed that the British territory in North America was rightfully theirs and should have been taken during the Revolutionary War (1776-1783).
During the War of 1812, York was raided twice and even briefly taken by US forces in 1813. Peace was signed in December 1814, although the news didn't reach York until February 1815. After the war of 1812, York felt the rising wave of British immigration to Upper Canada. Its hinterland trade mounted with expanding farm frontiers, as its merchants supplied country dealers as wholesalers, and it became the province's banking centre.
'''From York to Toronto (1815-1834)'''
By 1834 the fast-growing town of over 9000 inhabitants was incorporated as the city of Toronto, with an elected civic government led by William Lyon Mackenzie as first mayor. Toronto then flourished.
'''The 1800's'''
*In the 1840s Toronto increased its commercial lead, as steamboat port activity and gaslit, sewered main streets marked its urban rise.
*In the 1850s railway building brought the city a radiating web of tracks connecting it to New York and Montréal, the upper lakes at Georgian Bay, and across western Upper Canada to Detroit and Chicago.
*In the 1850s its own regional grasp was widely extended; wholesaling, banking and railway entrepreneurship grew accordingly.
*The city was made capital of the new province of Ontario at Confederation in 1867, and by the 1870s it was becoming markedly industrialized.
*A city of 30 000 in 1851 was over 5 times bigger by 1891, aided by industrial tariff protection after 1879 and the promotional drive of leaders such as railway builder Casimir Gzowski and department store builder Timothy Eaton.
'''The 1900's'''
*From the later 1890s into a booming early 20th century, the settlement of the Canadian West and the tapping of northern Ontario's forests and mines opened further markets and resources to Toronto.
*In 1911, Hydroelectric power provided by the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario from Niagara Falls gave cheap energy for more factory growth, the city's banks, investment and insurance companies invaded regions well beyond Ontario.
*World War I expanded Toronto's investment and manufacturing scope
*In the prosperous 1920s development continued as new suburban municipalities rose around an overflowing city of some half million.
*Toronto was hit by the Great Depression of the 1930s, yet Toronto suffered proportionately less than many other Canadian centres.
*World War II revived growth, shaping electronic, aircraft and precision-machine industries. And in the postwar era Toronto boomed, as a ravaged Europe renewed its material stock. Population swelled further, to over a million in Greater Toronto by 1951.
*A Metropolitan government was set up in 1953 under a vigorous first chairman Frederick Gardiner. The Metropolitan Toronto Authority handled area-wide requirements. The subway system begun by the city in 1949 was built up, parks and drainage projects were effected and material through roads constructed.
*In 1967 small suburbs were amalgamated, leaving a Metro structure of the city of Toronto and 5 boroughs, of which all but East York had also become cities by 1991, as their populations soared.
*On June 26, 1976, after 40 months of construction the CN Tower is open to the public. The CN Tower is Canada’s most recognizable and celebrated icon and the world’s tallest building at a height of 553.33m (1,815 ft., 5 inches). The CN Tower has become the symbol of Toronto.
*In 1998 the new "megacity" of Toronto came into existence. Toronto then became the 5th largest city in North America at 2.4 million, which is more people than the populations of most of the provinces and territories in Canada
Demographics
image:Canadian flags and toronto.jpg thumb|225px|right|A Patriotic Image
{{main|Demographics of Toronto}}
Toronto is one of the most multiculturalism multicultural cities in the world. In 2004, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) ranked Toronto second, behind Miami, Florida Miami, in its "List of World Cities with the Largest Percentage of Foreign-born Population". Though ranking first, Miami's foreign-born population is mostly Hispanic, whereas Toronto's is significantly more diverse. Toronto also ranked ahead of Los Angeles, Vancouver, New York City, Singapore, and Sydney.
Toronto represents a multicultural mosaic. The 2001 Canadian census indicates 42.8% of Toronto's population being of a visible minority. In March 2005, Statistics Canada projected that the visible minority proportion will comprise a majority in both Toronto and Vancouver by 2012.
Small majorities still claim their origins from Britain, Ireland and Italy. Significant populations of Portuguese people Portuguese, Jamaicans, Croatians, China Chinese, Indies East Indians, Sri Lankans, Latin Americans, Armenians, Romanians, Filipino people Filipinos, Iranians, Vietnamese people Vietnamese, Somalis, Poles, Guyanese, Macedonians (ethnic group) Macedonians, Pakistanis, Greeks, Koreans, West Africans, Arabs, and Trinidadians, amongst others, exist throughout the city. Areas like Koreatown, Chinatown, Toronto Chinatown, Little Jamaica, the India Bazaar or Gerrard Street East Little India, Portugal Village, Toronto Portugal Village and Corso Italia or Little Italy are examples of these large cultural populations.
Roman Catholicism is the largest faith in the city of Toronto (not the Census Metropolitan Area), accounting for 31.4% in 2001, followed by the Anglican Church (20.1%) and other Christianity Christian denominations ( Pentecostal, Baptist, Church of God etc. (10.8%). Other faiths such as Islam account for 6.7% of the population, Hinduism (4.8%), Jewish (4.2%) and other communities like Buddhism, Sikhism and Eastern Religions account for 4.0% of the population. 18.8% had no religious affiliation.
While English language English is the predominant language (51.8%) spoken by Torontonians, Statistics Canada reports that other language groups are significant, including Chinese language Chinese, Portuguese language Portuguese, Tamil language Tamil, Persian language Persian, Spanish language Spanish, Punjabi language Punjabi and Italian language Italian. Only 1.4% of city residents claim French language French (Canada's other official language) as their mother tongue.
Second (or more) generation Canadians can be found in higher percentages of the population in further out suburban areas such as Oakville, Ontario Oakville, Burlington, Ontario Burlington, Newmarket, Ontario Newmarket and Ajax, Ontario Ajax if compared with the city. However, with greater services and cheaper housing in close suburban towns and cities, there is a trend toward many new immigrants bypassing the city altogether living first in the suburbs.
Some immigrant groups such as Portuguese, Italians and East Indians have gravitated toward the closer north and west suburbs of Vaughan, Brampton, and Mississauga. Whereas Chinese, Russian, and Jewish groups are expanding into the northern suburbs of Markham and Richmond Hill. Despite this, all these groups maintain a large presence within the city.
Geography and climate
{{main|Geography and climate of Toronto}}
Image:TorontoSkyline.jpg skyline.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|500px|centre|Toronto's [[skyline from its harbour.html" title="Meaning of 500px|centre|Toronto's [[skyline">thumb|500px|centre|Toronto's [[skyline from its harbour">500px|centre|Toronto's [[skyline">thumb|500px|centre|Toronto's [[skyline from its harbour
The City of Toronto covers an area of 641 km² (247 square miles) and is bounded by Lake Ontario to the south, Etobicoke Creek and Ontario provincial highway 427 Highway 427 to the west, Steeles Avenue to the north, and the Rouge River (Ontario) Rouge River to the east. In addition to Etobicoke Creek and the Rouge River, the city is intersected by two major rivers and their tributaries, the Humber River in the west end and the Don River just east of the central core. The concentration and protection of ravines allows for large tracts of denseley forested valleys with recreational trails within the city.
Toronto's climate is moderated by Lake Ontario; its climate is among the mildest and least snowy in Canada east of the Rocky Mountain range. That said, the climate has great annual variability, particularly during the winter months. Mild periods occur throughout the winter (temperatures in the 5-10 °C range (40s°F) are not uncommon) triggering regular melting, added to that the urban heat island effect there are snow free periods even in mid-winter. The average January maximum is -2 °C (28 °F). There are usually two or three bitter cold snaps each year, where maximum temperatures only reach into the -20°C range. Despite Toronto's reputation in Canada as a warm city, compared to many parts of the world Toronto experiences quite cold conditions, except in summer.
Government
{{main|Politics of Toronto}}
Image:BUILDING.jpg Legislative Assembly of Ontario 26KB|thumb|left|Ontario's [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario|Legislative Asslembly Building in Toronto..html" title="Meaning of Legislative Asslembly.html" title="Meaning of 26KB|thumb|left|Ontario's [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario|Legislative Asslembly">26KB|thumb|left|Ontario's [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario|Legislative Asslembly Building in Toronto.">Legislative Asslembly.html" title="Meaning of 26KB|thumb|left|Ontario's [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario|Legislative Asslembly">26KB|thumb|left|Ontario's [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario|Legislative Asslembly Building in Toronto.
Image:Oldcityhall.jpg Old_City Hall (Toronto) thumb|right|250px|[[Old City Hall (Toronto)|Old City Hall.html" title="Meaning of Old City Hall.html" title="Meaning of thumb|right|250px|[[Old City Hall (Toronto)|Old City Hall">thumb|right|250px|[[Old City Hall (Toronto)|Old City Hall">Old City Hall.html" title="Meaning of thumb|right|250px|[[Old City Hall (Toronto)|Old City Hall">thumb|right|250px|[[Old City Hall (Toronto)|Old City Hall
Torontonians elect representatives to the federal, provincial, and municipal levels of government. 22 Members of Parliament (MPs) representing Toronto sit in the House of Commons in Ottawa, and another 22 Members of Ontario's Provincial Parliament (MPPs) sit in the Legislative Assembly in Queen's Park, located in Toronto. Being Ontario's capital, many provincial offices are located in the city.
Toronto's local government consists of 44 elected councillors (representing around 55,000 people each), who along with the mayor, make up the Toronto City Council. Toronto elects a new government every three years, in November. The City of Toronto represents the fifth largest municipal government in North America, and has an operating budget of $7.1 billion Canadian dollar CDN. This operating budget is comprised of $2.5 billion dollars of funds from the Government of Ontario for purposes they mandate such as Toronto Public Health, $2.0 billion for special purpose bodies including the Toronto Public Library and Toronto Zoo, $1.7 billion of directly controlled money, and $0.9 billion for capital financing and non-programs [http://www.toronto.ca/budget2005/pdf/2005op_wheremoneygoes.pdf].
image:toronto-cityhall.jpg Toronto_City Hall.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|right|250px|[[Toronto City Hall.html" title="Meaning of right|250px|[[Toronto City Hall">thumb|right|250px|[[Toronto City Hall">right|250px|[[Toronto City Hall">thumb|right|250px|[[Toronto City Hall
The current municipal government is rooted in the creation of the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto (known more popularly as "Metro") in 1954. This new regional government, which encompassed the smaller communities of East York, Ontario East York, Etobicoke, Forest Hill, Toronto Forest Hill, Leaside, Long Branch, Toronto Long Branch, Mimico, New Toronto, North York, Scarborough, Ontario Scarborough, Swansea, Toronto Swansea, Toronto, Weston, Toronto Weston, and York, Ontario York, was created in light of the need for more coordination of city services. The postwar boom resulted in suburbanization, and it was felt that a coordinated land use planning strategy, as well as shared services, would be more efficient.
These thirteen townships, villages, towns, and cities continued to exist independently of the regional government, and continued to provide some local services to their residents. Gradually, the Metro government began taking over management of services that crossed municipal boundaries, most notably highways, water, and public transit.
On January 1, 1967, several of the smaller municipalities were amalgamated with larger ones, reducing their number to six. Forest Hill and Swansea became part of Toronto; Long Branch, Mimico, and New Toronto joined Etobicoke; Weston merged with York; and Leaside amalgamated with East York.
This arrangement lasted until 1998, when the regional level of government was abolished and the six municipalities (Toronto, Etobicoke, North York, East York, Ontario East York, York, Ontario York, and Scarborough, Ontario Scarborough) were amalgamated into a single municipality or " megacity".
Economy
{{main|Economy of Toronto}}
Image:TSX_outside.jpg Toronto Stock Exchange.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|250px|right|Exterior view of the former [[Toronto Stock Exchange on Bay Street; the TD Centre was partially built around and incorporated the TSX.html" title="Meaning of 250px|right|Exterior view of the former [[Toronto Stock Exchange">thumb|250px|right|Exterior view of the former [[Toronto Stock Exchange on Bay Street; the TD Centre was partially built around and incorporated the TSX">250px|right|Exterior view of the former [[Toronto Stock Exchange">thumb|250px|right|Exterior view of the former [[Toronto Stock Exchange on Bay Street; the TD Centre was partially built around and incorporated the TSX
Toronto is a commercial, distribution, financial and industrial centre. It is the banking and stock exchange centre of the country, and is Canada's primary wholesale and distribution point. Its importance as a seaport increased after the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway, but has since diminished and is disused (see: Toronto waterfront Waterfront). Ontario's wealth of raw materials and hydroelectric power have made Toronto a primary centre of industry. The city and its surrounding area produces more than half of Canada's manufactured goods.
Until the 1970s, Toronto was the second largest city in Canada, after Montreal. The economic growth of Toronto was greatly stimulated by the development of the auto industry and of large mineral resources in its hinterland, and by the completion in 1959 of the St. Lawrence Seaway which allowed ships access to the Great Lakes from the Atlantic Ocean. Further growth in the Toronto area is often attributed to the rise of Quebec separatism, though the extent of its influence is still contested by some, who argue that its effect was exaggerated by the English media. During the 1970s, the Quebec Liberal Party and the Parti Québécois enacted a series of French-language laws, which were perceived as unfavourable towards English-language businesses (especially Multinationals, whose markets extended far beyond Quebec's borders) and English-speaking Montrealers. Some of the former (including the Bank of Montreal) and a number of the latter relocated to Toronto where French is not necessary for business.
The City of Toronto's gross domestic product (GDP) is US$225 billion and Metropolitan Toronto's GDP is US$305 billion.
As the business and financial capital of the country, Toronto hosts the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX), the third largest stock exchange in North America by market capitalisation and sixth in the world (see List of stock exchanges for complete rankings). The TSX has led North American exchanges by being the second to trade electronically and the first to become listed publicly; in the last decade, it has also generally outperformed various major stock exchanges worldwide. The Toronto financial industry is based on Bay Street, the city's equivalent to Wall Street in New York.
A number of major corporations are based in the city, including the Hudson's Bay Company, Manulife Financial, TD Canada Trust, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, Royal Bank of Canada, Scotiabank, Bank of Montreal, Celestica, Four Seasons Hotels, Rogers Communications, MDS Inc. and many others. Numerous other companies are based in the Greater Toronto Area outside of the city limits, such as Nortel, IBM Canada, Citibank Canada and Magna International.
Education
{{main|Education in Toronto}}
Toronto's elementary and high schools are operated by the Toronto District School Board and the separate Toronto Catholic District School Board. As a large city it is also home to a number of post-secondary educational institutions such as the University of Toronto, York University, Ryerson University, Seneca College, Humber College, Centennial college and George Brown College. The city of Toronto also has a Toronto Public Library public library system to keep the minds of both young and old fresh.
Transport
{{main|Transportation in Toronto}}
There are many forms of transportation in the city of Toronto. These include highways and Toronto Transit Commission public transit. Toronto's primary airport is Toronto Pearson International Airport (YYZ). It is along the western boundary with Mississauga, Ontario Mississauga. The Government of Ontario operates an extensive rail and bus transit system called GO Transit that links the outlying areas to the city core. 38 trains on 7 train lines run 179 trips, and carry over 160,000 passengers a day. An additional 288 buses feed the main rail lines. Toronto is home to Canada's very first subway line. The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) currently operates the public transit system in Toronto, which is comprised of a subway line, buses and streetcars.
Attractions
image:CNDay1.jpg CN_Tower.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|left|180px|[[CN Tower.html" title="Meaning of left|180px|[[CN Tower">thumb|left|180px|[[CN Tower">left|180px|[[CN Tower">thumb|left|180px|[[CN Tower
image:skydome-sm.jpg thumb|right|180px|Overhead view of Rogers Centre (formerly SkyDome), with the roof closed, as seen from the CN Tower
image:Eaton centre.jpg thumb|right|180px|Toronto's largest shopping centre; The Eaton Centre
Toronto's most famous landmark is the CN Tower, a 553 metre (1,815 ft) tall steel and concrete transmission tower, the tallest free-standing land structure in the world. Directly west of it is the Rogers Centre (formerly SkyDome), the world's first sporting arena to feature a fully retractable roof. It is currently home to the Toronto Blue Jays and the Toronto Argonauts. Nearby, the Air Canada Centre is the home of the Toronto Maple Leafs, the Toronto Raptors, and the Toronto Rock. It was originally built to replace the legendary Maple Leaf Gardens.
Toronto's Toronto City Hall City Hall is one of the city's most distinctive landmarks. Built to replace its predecessor — now known simply as Old City Hall (Toronto) Old City Hall — its Modernism modernist style still impresses today. (It has been used as a backdrop in American films to depict a city of the future.) Directly in front of City Hall is Nathan Phillips Square, a public space that frequently houses concerts, art displays, a weekly farmers' market, and other public events. It is also the site of a reflecting pool that, during the winter, becomes a popular skating rink. Dundas Square, nearby, is the city's newest and flashiest public square, located across the street from the Toronto Eaton Centre, a large, popular shopping mall. Queen's Park, Toronto Queen's Park, a historic scenic park and public space, surrounds Ontario's Legislative Assembly of Ontario Legislative Assembly.
The Toronto Islands form part of the largest car-free urban community in North America. Accessible by ferry, "the Islands" include a public park and a children's amusement park, Centreville. The Islands are also home to the Toronto City Centre Airport. The city has several large parks, the best known being High Park to the west of downtown. The city is crisscrossed by a network of ravines that are still almost wholly undeveloped.
Other popular attractions include the Hockey Hall of Fame, the Ontario Science Centre, the Leslie Street Spit, the Toronto Zoo, Little Glenn, and the city's oldest cathedrals, the Roman Catholic St. Michael's Cathedral (Toronto) St. Michael's Cathedral and the Anglican St. James' Cathedral (Toronto) St. James' Cathedral, both on Church Street. Casa Loma, a castle overlooking downtown Toronto, is one of the city's most popular tourist attractions.
Culture
{{main|Culture in Toronto}}
Toronto is a city of many museums, theatres, events and sports. It is also one of the most etnically diverse cities in Canada and the world. This means that there are many cultures which bring along their traditions and music. It is also home to the Canadian National Exhibition one of Canada Canada's largest outdoor fairs.
Sports Teams
See List of sports teams in Toronto
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Logo
! scope="col" | Club
! scope="col" | League
! scope="col" | Venue
! scope="col" | Established
! scope="col" | Championships
|-
| style="background: white;"| Image:CFL Argonauts.gif 50px|Toronto Argonauts Logo
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | Toronto Argonauts
| Canadian Football League CFL Football
| Rogers Centre
| 1873
| 15 |
|-
| style="background: white;" |Image:TorontoBlueJays 100.png 50px|Toronto Blue Jays Logo
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | Toronto Blue Jays
| Major League Baseball MLB Baseball
| Rogers Centre
| 1977
| 2
|-
| style="background: white;" | Image:Lynx.gif 50px|Toronto Lynx Logo
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | Toronto Lynx
| USL First Division USL Soccer
| Centennial Park Stadium
| 1997
| 0
|-
| style="background: white;" | Image:Toronto Maple Leafs.gif 50px|Toronto Maple Leafs Logo
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | Toronto Maple Leafs
| National Hockey League NHL Hockey
| Air Canada Centre
| 1917
| 13
|-
| style="background: white;" | Image:Toronto marlies 200x200.png 50px|Toronto Marlies Logo
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | Toronto Marlies
| American Hockey League AHL Ice Hockey
| Ricoh Coliseum
| 2005
| 0
|-
| style="background: white;" | Image:TorontoRaptors 100.png 50px|Toronto Raptors Logo
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | Toronto Raptors
| National Basketball Association NBA Basketball
| Air Canada Centre
| 1995
| 0
|-
| style="background: white;" | Image:Toronto rock logo.gif 50px|Toronto Rock Logo
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | Toronto Rock
| National Lacrosse League NLL Indoor Lacrosse
| Air Canada Centre
| 1998
| 5
|-
|}
Defunct Teams
*Toronto Blizzard(1979-1995)
*Toronto Falcons(1968)
*Toronto Huskies(1946-1947)
*Metro Junior A League (1961-1963)
*Toronto Maple Leafs (former baseball team) (1896-1967)
*Toronto Metros (1971-1974)
*Toronto Phantoms (2001-2002)
*Toronto Roadrunners(2003-2004)
*Toronto Toros (1973-1976)
City issues
Crime
Crime (including violent and gang crime) in Toronto has been generally decreasing over the past decade. Toronto's violent crime rates are extremely low compared to many cities in the U.S. and comparable to rates in larger European centres, and are low even if compared with most other Canadian urban centres.
Due to a spike in gun-related crimes/murders over the summer of 2005, largely attributed to the rise of gangs and the failure of Canadian officials to stem the rising tide, concern over gun- and gang-related crimes has received increased local media attention recently. There have been calls for increased policing, gun control, and stiffer sentences to help deal with the problem. Gang violence has been the main reason for the outburst of violence in Toronto, between 1997-2005 over two hundred gang related deaths have occured.
American gang experts have been brought in and increased funding for programs in troubled neighbourhoods have been recently initiated. Other organisations, including the New York City based group Guardian Angels, have come to Toronto despite the massive displeasure of city residents, city officials, and politicians. Their presence has also received more support from residents if compared to previous initiatives to establish patrols in the city.
There were 52 gun related murders out of a total of 78 homicides in 2005 (this is a very close number from the previous year(s), as the total number of homicides has barely changed); thus, Toronto had a murder rate of about 3.1 per 100,000 - significantly higher than the rate in 1999 (1.3 per 100,000), but less than the peak years of the early 1990's and, is still much safer than many smaller American cities [http://www.citymayors.com/society/uscities_safest.html 1]. A recent announcement that the Ontario provincial government will contribute half of the cost of hiring an additional 250 police officers, is viewed as a reactionary move to the increased violence. There has also been an increase in social spending, which is aimed at community projects, and getting businesses to hire "at-risk youth" to get them away from gangs.
Toronto has a comparable rate of car theft to various U.S. cities, although this is lower than in some other Canadian cities, especially Vancouver. Much of this has been attributed to organised crime, with stolen vehicles ending up being shipped overseas for sale.
Homelessness
Toronto is also struggling to come to grips with a nagging homeless problem which has ebbed and flowed throughout the years. Toronto has a considerably larger homelessness problem than many cities of similar size. In 2003, 31,985 individuals stayed at least once in a Toronto homeless shelter. [http://www.city.toronto.on.ca/homelessness/]. Many programs and responsibilities have recently shifted to the city from the provincial and federal governments, with many arguing that the city must come up with new ways to raise revenue to fund these new responsibilities.
The issue of homeless in Toronto was front page news when in September 2002, private security evicted the residents of Tent City, a development site owned by Home Depot in the Toronto Portlands that was taken over by many homeless people in the preceding months who lived in improvised shelters.
Waterfront
{{main|Toronto waterfront}}
For decades, the disuse of the Toronto portlands and lack of development of the Toronto waterfront (also known as the harbourfront, though not to be confused with Harbourfront Centre), has been a major issue. Toronto's central business district is separated from the waterfront by an expanse of open railway and by an elevated highway, the Gardiner Expressway. Many contend that a series of condominium towers built along the waterfront in the 1990s and 2000s contribute to this separation. Parts of the formerly industrial area are now vacant and awaiting redevelopment. In 2004, investments from the Ontario government were made to encourage further development. In the area south of the Keating Channel (outflow for the Don River, Toronto Don River), known as the "Portlands", there have been many controversial approvals and proposals in the last few years. Because this area was entirely man-made and industrial (some remains so but most is vacant land), soil remediation is necessary before it can be put to other non-industrial uses so the redevelopment process is slow. Currently, a movie studio is being built on the site of the inactive Hearn Generating Station Richard L. Hearn Power Plant and the fight continues over the proposal to build a 550 mW gas fired co-generation plant on the same site.
The Toronto Port Authority (''acronym'' TPA), an agency run by the federal government oversaw the construction of the newly improved Ferry Terminal that was completed with much fanfare on June 27, 2005. A customs facility was built in the terminal in conjunction with the Toronto-Rochester Ferry (launched in 2004 but cancelled after numerous setbacks and financial plagues in December 2005).
After the recent Conservative Party of Canada Conservative Party election victory, the TPA announced a new ferry terminal expansion and a double-deck ferry to upgrade the service between the Bathurst Quay and the Toronto City Centre Airport at the west end of the inner harbour. The city's mayor David Miller who cancelled the bridge originally proposed between the mainland and the airport and is against its expansion, is now left with his hands tied to prevent the TPA's move. This announcement will invariably lead to increased aviation traffic at the island airport, which had been falling over the years (already a new airline, Regco has ordered planes).
Computer leasing inquiry
A dominant issue in Toronto's municipal politics in recent years has been the Toronto Computer Leasing Inquiry, which investigated allegations of impropriety involving computer contracts between the city and MFP Financial Services. The inquiry, headed by Madam Justice (Denise) Bellamy, lasted three years and cost over $19.2 million (CDN). The final report, handed down in September of 2005, concluded that there was credible evidence that a former City of Toronto budget chief accepted a payoff from MFP, and that senior city staff were unduly influenced by sales tactics in the guise of entertainment and favours. Most recently, following the release of the report, Mayor David Miller has requested a criminal probe into the scandal.
Garbage
Another important issue is the city's garbage. As the city's last remaining landfill site, Keele Valley, neared capacity during the 1990s, it was found that no other municipality in Southern Ontario was willing to accept the garbage, but there was also no political support for a change to incineration. A deal was eventually made to ship Toronto's garbage to the Adams Mine, an abandoned open pit mining open pit mine in Northern Ontario, once the Keele Valley site closed. But objections grew into vociferous controversy as the time neared, and eventually the agreement was cancelled.
By the time the Keele Valley site closed at the end of 2002, the city had made a new deal: its garbage is now shipped by truck to a site in Michigan.
Concerns with the border, and opposition from residents in Michigan promoted the need to look for alternate sites or expand the city's recycling programs. Toronto's contract with Michigan lasts until 2008, and includes an option to expand to 2010, but the city is actively seeking options to close the contract sooner. Even the current contract could be in jepoardy following a vote in February 2006 by the Michigan House of Representatives to ban out-of-state garbage from being shipped to the state from Ontario and other US states, but this requires approval by the US federal government before it can be enforced by Michigan.
Even with 60% diversion through the green bin and recycling programs, residual waste from the Greater Toronto Area would amass 2,200 tonnes (2,425 tons) a day or 800,000 tonnes (882,000 tons) a year.
Besides the "blue box" (plastic recycling plastic and scrap metal) and paper recycling grey box (paper) programs, the city has been phasing in a green bin program to recover compostable materials; this will extend city-wide by the fall of 2005. However, the green bin program has come under criticism by watchgroups due to its cost, which is three times per tonne more to operate than currently shipping to Michigan.
There has long been heavy opposition from many Torontonians to waste incineration due to the toxic emissions that result. Nevertheless this alternative is being explored and currently an incinerator is operating in Brampton in adjacent Regional Municipality of Peel Peel Region which meets the environment ministry's emission guidelines as well as producing power to serve around 5,000 homes.
Recently the Ottawa-based Plasco Energy Group has formulated a plan to process garbage, turning it into a synthetic gas. Plasco claims that by using an 8,000-degree Celsius (14,400 °F) plasma flame, 100,000 tonnes of trash can ultimately produce 12 megawatts of power. Emissions are filtered with active carbon; the waste byproduct of this process is slag, which can be mixed with asphalt and used in road construction. According to a Toronto Star article (linked below), other companies offer similar technologies. Although a plan has yet to be approved, consent has been given to build a demonstration facility in Ottawa, and some Toronto city councillors have indicated their support for the program. [http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_Type1&call_pageid=971358637177&c=Article&cid=1128723024266&DPL=JvsODSH7Aw0u%2bwoRO%2bYKDSblFxAk%2bwoVO%2bYODSbhFxAg%2bwkRO%2bUPDSXiFxMh%2bwkZO%2bUCDSTnFxIm%2bwgSO%2bMLDSPmFxUl%2bw8SO%2bMPDSPiFxUh%2bw8WO%2bMDDSPuFxQn%2bw4SO%2bINIQ%3d%3d&tacodalogin=yes]
Traffic gridlock
Over the last couple of decades, vehicle and (in particular) highway traffic has been increasing steadily in the Greater Toronto Area, however road and transit investments have been limited to small projects such as on the 404, the 407, Sheppard subway, and York Region's Viva (bus rapid transit) VIVA bus service. Urban sprawl is a major factor: some commuters travel significant distances within the city and GTA for employment. Another major issue is the discontinuity between transit authorities across various municipalities or perceived inefficiency of transit as a viable alternative for commuting. This contributes to gridlock: many single-occupant vehicles idle en route, adding to travel times and smog. A recent study showed that gridlock costs the GTA's economy approximately $6 billion annually in lost revenue. Agencies such as the CAA (Canadian Automobile Association), OTA (Ontario Trucking Association), other commercial transportation interests and some citizens believe that much of the current congestion can be traced to the fact that Toronto's ultimate freeway system as proposed originally was never completed. This camp believes today's network includes huge gaps, and after cancellation of the north-south Spadina Expressway in 1971, successive "anti-car" city councils have not addressed the issue, electing instead to direct funding to transit initiatives and encourage greater pedestrian/cycling/transit usage.
In March 2004, the Ontario government announced the creation of the "Greater Toronto Transit Authority" (GTTA - not to be confused with GTAA, acronym for the Greater Toronto Airport Authority) with the goal of facilitating improved integration between the city and suburban transport systems. One key element to this integration would be a GTA Farecard single ticket or fare to better synchronise transfers between neighbouring transit systems and lower the costs commuters by having a "single fare" ticket. At that time, [http://www.infrastructure.gc.ca/csif/publication/newsreleases/2004/20040330toronto_e.shtml the federal, provincial, and municipal governments jointly announced a tripartite funding infusion of $1 billion] for the Toronto Transit Commission TTC. In May 2004 the Ontario government, in partnership with the federal government, announced a $1 billion plus investment in the expansion of [http://www.pir.gov.on.ca/userfiles/HTML/cma_4_36068_1.html GO Transit]. Although the TTC and has seen a relative stagnation in ridership over the past few years, GO Transit (serving mostly automobile-dependent suburbs and exurbs) has experienced gains in ridership. The Ontario government is set to release the provincial budget on March 23, 2006 which will include funding for the long anticipated TTC subway extension northward of the Spadina Line to the York University campus and provide direct access to transit users living in adjacent York Region. This would be the first extension of the subway system to (or beyond) the current municipal border of Toronto [http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_Type1&c=Article&cid=1141685411695&call_pageid=968332188492&col=968793972154&t=TS_Home 1].
Greenbelt
In March 2005, the provincial government unveiled the boundaries of a greenbelt around the Greater Toronto Area, a 7,200 square kilometre (2,780 sqauare mile mi²) area stretching from Niagara Falls, Ontario Niagara Falls to Peterborough, Ontario Peterborough. The greenbelt is designed to curb urban sprawl and to preserve valuable farmland surrounding the city. The decision remains controversial, as farmers and other critics say that the "development embargo" being placed on such lands forces down the value of farmland within the greenbelt, without providing compensation to its owners. Many cities have implemented growth boundaries of some kind, including Ottawa; Portland, Oregon; Frankfurt Frankfurt, Germany; Melbourne Melbourne, Australia; Seoul Seoul, Korea and London London, England; as a method of restricting urban growth.
Toronto and area
City suburbs and neighbourhoods
{{main|List of neighbourhoods in Toronto}}
From 1954 to 1998, the City of Toronto was one city within a larger federation of cities and municipalities called Metropolitan Toronto. When Metropolitan Toronto was amalgamated by the Ontario provincial government under Mike Harris to become one government, the City of Toronto was enlarged to include the former cities and municipalities of York, Ontario York, East York, Ontario East York, North York, Ontario North York, Etobicoke, Ontario Etobicoke, and Scarborough, Ontario Scarborough. All of these former cities or municipalities still maintain, in some ways, their own distinct identities; their names are still used by their residents. The areas within the former City of Toronto prior to the merger are still referred to as the old City of Toronto, the Inner City, Toronto Proper, or Downtown Toronto.
The former City of Toronto is still the most densely populated area of the current city of Toronto. It is also the business and the entertainment centre of Toronto.
The former inner ring suburbs of York, Ontario York and East York, Ontario East York are older, predominantly middle-class areas, and they are also highly ethnically diverse. Much of the housing stock in these areas consists of post-WWI single-family houses and high-rises. Rosedale, Toronto Rosedale and the Bridle Path, Toronto Bridle Path are upscale neighbourhoods located within the inner ring many of these houses have had extensive remodeling and renovations done to them.
The outer ring suburbs of the former cities of Etobicoke, Ontario Etobicoke, Scarborough, Ontario Scarborough, and North York, Ontario North York are much more Suburb suburban, although they largely retain the grid patterns of the streets laid down before post-war suburbanization, many from towns that existed prior to their creation as cities.
Toronto has over 200 neighbourhoods within the current city borders. This is why Toronto is often locally described as "a city of neighbourhoods."
Toronto's "905" exurbs
{{further|Greater Toronto Area}}
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Before 1993, the telephone area code area code 416 416 included the entire Golden Horseshoe region from Clarington to Niagara Falls, Ontario. The area code was then split, with Metropolitan Toronto (now Toronto) alone remaining in 416, while the rest of the area became 905. In informal usage in Toronto, "905" quickly began to be used as shorthand for the belt of suburbs and exurbs surrounding the city, but not for places like Niagara Falls or Hamilton, Ontario Hamilton. Toronto itself may similarly be referred to as "416". (Subsequently both area codes 416 and 905 were overlay plan overlaid with new codes, area code 647 647 and area code 289 289 respectively, but popular usage has not been affected by this.)
Toronto's exurbs, the major "905" municipalities surrounding the city (roughly from west to east), are:
'''''West'''''
'''Halton Regional Municipality Halton'''
* Oakville, Ontario Oakville
* Milton, Ontario Milton
* Burlington, Ontario Burlington
* Halton Hills, Ontario Halton Hills
'''Peel Regional Municipality Peel'''
* Mississauga, Ontario Mississauga
* Brampton, Ontario Brampton
* Caledon, Ontario Caledon
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'''''North'''''
'''York Regional Municipality York'''
* Richmond Hill, Ontario Richmond Hill
* Markham, Ontario Markham
* Vaughan, Ontario Vaughan
* Aurora, Ontario Aurora
* Newmarket, Ontario Newmarket
* East Gwillimbury, Ontario East Gwillimbury
* Georgina, Ontario Georgina
* King, Ontario King
* Whitchurch-Stouffville, Ontario Whitchurch-Stouffville
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'''''East'''''
'''Durham Regional Municipality Durham'''
* Pickering, Ontario Pickering
* Ajax, Ontario Ajax
* Oshawa, Ontario Oshawa
* Whitby, Ontario Whitby
* Clarington, Ontario Clarington
* Uxbridge, Ontario Uxbridge Township
* Scugog, Ontario Scugog Township
* Brock, Ontario Brock Township
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Nomenclature
Nicknames
Nicknames for Toronto include:
* T.O. – an acrostic for '''T'''oronto, '''O'''ntario, or a false acrostic for '''To'''ronto; pronounced "Tee-Oh"
* T-Zero - a play on the T.O. nickname used by anti-Torontonians (often Montrealers)
* T-dot – short for "'''T'''-dot, O'''-dot'''", a hip-hop slang nickname for Toronto
* The Big Smoke – a nickname it shares with many other cities
* The Centre of the Universe - A derogatory term used outside Toronto.
* Hogtown – referring to its importance in the 19th century as a site for growing, trading, and marketing livestock
* Toronto the Good – from its history as a bastion of 19th century Victorian morality (sometimes called Toronto the Bad now in reverse as a derogatory nickname)
* Methodist Rome – an analogy implicating the city as a centre for Canada Canadian methodism, akin to Rome's role in Catholicism
* City of Churches
* Hollywood North – due to the many TV and movie productions in the city (although this title is normally given to Vancouver)
* Queen City – a reference most commonly used by Québécois francophone Quebecers ("''La Ville-Reine''")
* Muddy York – derived from Toronto's previous name, York, Upper Canada York, and the weather's effect on its once-largely unpaved streets
* The area code 416 416 – 416 is the original telephone area code for much of the city (the other area code in Toronto is 647; area code 905 905 is used in the surrounding Greater Toronto Area GTA exurbs)
* The Economic Engine of Canada
* New York City New York run by the Swiss – a take on Peter Ustinov's oft-quoted reference of the city to reporter John Bentley Mays in ''The Globe and Mail'' on 1 August 1987: "Toronto is a kind of New York operated by the Swiss." When reminded of this later at a reception in June 1992, he responded (again cited in ''The Globe''), "I've learned it's really run by the Canadians."
* Belfast of Americas America; Athens of the Dominion – similar glorified comparisons of foreign places
* Tehranto – a portmanteau of Tehran (the capital of Iran) and Toronto, so called by the substantial number of Iranians who live in the city.
Similarly:
* Scarberia – a portmanteau of Scarborough, Ontario, an expansive eastern Toronto suburb, and Siberia
Pronunciation
The stress is on the second syllable.
Locals sometimes pronounce the city's name as "Toronno" (most often, as in 'I'm gonna go to Toronno') or "Tronno", "Tronto", "Toranna", "Taranna", "Chronno" or "Chranna" (both with ''ch'' as in chime, not chrome) or even "Terawhnna" ({{Audio|en-CA Toronto (contracted).ogg|listen to an example}}). This is a reflection of the varieties of Canadian English Canadian pronunciation and does not represent a unique pronunciation for the city name itself. Even the same local speaker may pronounce the name differently depending on the subject of the conversation in which it is used.
For instance, many Canadians pronounce the number "ninety nine" as something between "9-D-9" and "9-E-9", omitting the "t", whereas many Britons or East Indians will distinctly pronounce "9-T-9". Thus while it is natural that many Canadians will say "Toronno", speakers whose dialects pronounce the "T" distinctly in words like "ninety nine" should do likewise when pronouncing "Toronto". In each case, the speaker merely pronounces "Toronto" in the way that is most natural in his or her dialect. Some Torontonians would often identify a local if he/she says "Toronno".
Even for Canadian speakers it is never outright incorrect to pronounce distinctly the second ''t'' in Toronto. Pronouncing it "Tor-on-toe" (with equal stress on each syllable) in casual speech is usually seen as a sign of someone who is not a native of the city. Canadian francophones pronounce it, "To-ron-to", in three syllables, with the french nasal ''on'' on the second syllable, and the accent on the third syllable.
Twin cities
{{Main|Twin cities of Toronto}}
Toronto is geographically and politically Town twinning twinned with other cities who have the goal of fostering human contact and cultural links.
See also
{{Commons|Toronto, Ontario}}
*Metropolitan Toronto
*List of Torontonians
*List of Toronto mayors
*Toronto City Council
*1976 Summer Paralympics
*List of hospitals in Toronto
*List of sports teams in Toronto
*List of malls in Toronto
*List of educational institutions in Toronto
*List of media outlets in Toronto
*List of neighbourhoods in Toronto
*List of attractions in Toronto
*List of parks in Toronto
*List of annual events in Toronto
*List of oldest buildings and structures in Toronto
*List of Toronto's 10 tallest skyscrapers
*Province of Toronto
References
Book
*{{cite book
| last = Fulford
| first = Robert
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| year = 1995
| title = Accidental city: the transformation of Toronto
| publisher = Macfarlane, Walter & Ross
| location = Toronto
| id = ISBN 0921912919; ISBN 1551990105 (paperback)
}}
*{{cite book
| last = Rayburn
| first = Alan
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| year = 2001
| title = Naming Canada: stories about Canadian place names
| publisher = University of Toronto Press
| location = Toronto
| id = 2nd ed. (ISBN 0-8020-8293-9)
}}
*{{cite book
| last = Phillips
| first = Robert
| authorlink =
| coauthors = Bram, Leon & Dickey, Norma
| year = 1971
| title = Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia
| publisher = Funk & Wagnalls Inc.
| location = New York
| id = Volume 23, ISBN 0-8343-0025-7
}}
Website
*{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| year =
| url = http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0008050
| title = The Canadian Encyclopedia - Toronto
| format =
| work =
| publisher =
| accessdate = December 3
| accessyear = 2005
}}
*{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| year =
| url = http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520005&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=
| title = Statistics Canada
| format =
| work =
| publisher =
| accessdate = December 3
| accessyear = 2005
}}
External links
Official websites
- City of Toronto Official website for the city.
- Tourism Toronto Official tourism website for the city.
Tourism websites
- Fodor's Toronto City guide from Fodor's.
- Frommer's Toronto City guide from Frommer's.
- The Good Ol' Toronto Online travel guide to the world's most multicultural city.
- Toronto 4 Kids What to do with kids in Toronto? Find out!
- Spotlight Toronto Toronto's Entertainment Portal. A grip on Toronto's Restaurant,Lounge,Nightlife, and Event scene.
- Toronto Restaurants Reviews and listings of Toronto restaurants, organized alphabetically and categorized by cuisine.
- Toronto Life Restaurant guide, events calendar, city guide, best of the city.
- Dine.TO Local bars, restaurants and cafes search engine.
- Toronto.com Guide to the city
- iBegin Toronto User driven local search, with user submitted listings, reviews, pictures, tags, and favorites.
- Teeing It Up Great Toronto area Golf Courses.
- Foodinc Restaurant Directory serving Toronto and the Greater Toronto Area (GTA).
Other websites
- Toronto Maps Online and interactive city maps.
- Toronto Urban Indicators Online source for various statistics relating to Toronto.
- The Toronto Star Official website for the journal.
- The Toronto Sun
- Unknown Toronto A journal of little known facts about Toronto
- Toronto Community Information and apartments for rent
- Toronto Apartment Building Directory
- CBC Toronto local news from the CBC.
- Freshnews Toronto local news
- Beer Hunter, Toronto This site maps beer, wine and liquor stores
- Images from March, 1980 college trip
Related wikilinks
- Wikitravel Toronto Toronto travel guide at Wikitravel.
- Wikicities Toronto Toronto Wiki at wikicities.com.
{{Canadian City Geographic Location|
North=Vaughan, Ontario Vaughan, Richmond Hill, Ontario Richmond Hill, Markham, Ontario Markham|
West=Brampton, Ontario Brampton, Mississauga, Ontario Mississauga|
Center=Toronto|
East=Pickering, Ontario Pickering|
South=Lake Ontario
}}
{{Canada capitals}}
{{Ontario}}
Category:Toronto
Category:1834 establishments
Category:Provincial and territorial capitals of Canada
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el:ΤοÏ?όντο
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fa:تورنتو
fr:Toronto
gl:Toronto
ko:í† ë¡ í†
hr:Toronto
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he:×˜×•×¨×•× ×˜×•
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no:Toronto
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ta:ரொறன�ரோ
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Toronto is a major city in Ontario, Canada.
Category:Cities in Ontario
Category:Census divisions of Ontario
Category:Capitals of political divisions in Canada
fr:Catégorie:Toronto
pt:Categoria:Toronto
*** Shopping-Tip: Toronto
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