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UEFA Cup
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Image:UEFA Cup.png thumb|right|200px|UEFA Cup logo
The '''
UEFA Cup''' is a
football (soccer) football competition for
Europe European club teams. It was founded on
April 18,
1955 as the '''Inter-Cities Fairs Cup'''. It is the second most important competition for European club teams, the first being the
UEFA Champions League.
History
The first '''Inter-Cities Fairs Cup''', which lasted from
1955 to
1958, was a tournament open to cities that had hosted
trade fairs, and not necessarily clubs - cities with more than one club sent representative teams (e.g.
London XI London). A second tournament took place between
1958 and
1960, all tournaments since have been held on a yearly basis.
As time progressed, the competition saw more clubs and fewer representative sides enter, so that by the mid-
1960s, it was exclusively for clubs, who usually qualified by being a runner-up in their domestic league. However, a rule that only one club per
city could enter was applied.
The competition completely dropped its link with the trade fairs and was renamed the '''UEFA Cup''' in
1971.
Tottenham Hotspur F.C being the first winner of the
UEFA Cup. However, the 'one club per city' rule was only rescinded in
1975;
Everton F.C. Everton had finished fourth in the
Football League First Division English league and could thus qualify, but were barred from entry because
Liverpool F.C. Liverpool had also qualified by coming second. Everton appealed, saying the rule was an unfair anachronism, and UEFA agreed to overturn it.
The competition was traditionally open to the runners-up of domestic leagues, but in
1999, the competition was merged with the
Cup Winners' Cup. Since then the winners of domestic cup competitions have also entered the UEFA Cup.
Qualification
Qualification for the competition is based on
UEFA coefficients, with more places being offered to the more successful nations. Usually places are awarded to teams who finish in various runners-up places in the top-flight leagues of Europe, and the winners of the main cup competitions. A few countries have secondary cup competitions, but the only countries which send their secondary cup winners to the UEFA Cup are
England and
France.
Qualification can be quite complicated if one team qualifies through two different ways at once. For example in England, the team finishing 5th in the
FA Premier League Premiership and the winners of the
FA Cup and
League Cup qualify. If the FA Cup winner has qualified for the Champions League by its league position, the runner-up goes to the UEFA Cup; however, the League Cup runner-up does not receive this privilege. It is possible for the teams in 6th and even 7th place in the Premiership to enter the UEFA Cup under the following circumstances:
*The League Cup winners have qualified for European play, either by league position or through the FA Cup.
*''Both'' FA Cup finalists have qualified for the Champions League via their league position.
If only one of the above occurs, the 6th-place team in the Premiership gets a UEFA Cup entry, but not the 7th-place team. If ''both'' occur, the 6th- and 7th-place teams both earn UEFA Cup berths. Both occurred in
FA Premier League 2004-05 2004-05, as champions
Chelsea F.C. Chelsea won the League Cup, and second-place
Arsenal F.C. Arsenal defeated third-place
Manchester United F.C. Man United in the FA Cup Final.
Qualification for the UEFA Cup can also be attained in two other ways:
*Three UEFA Cup berths each year are set aside for the three winners of the final matches in the
UEFA Intertoto Cup.
*Three more berths are given to federations that finish above a certain level in
UEFA Fair Play ranking UEFA's Fair Play table. The top-placed federation automatically receives a Fair Play entry, and two other federations gain berths via a draw among all other federations that meet qualifying criteria. In all cases, the recipient of a country's Fair Play entry is the highest-placed team in the Fair Play table of that country's top league that has not already qualified for Europe.
More recently, clubs that are knocked out of the qualifying round and the group stage of the Champions League can also join the UEFA Cup, at different stages (see below).
Competition format
The competition was traditionally a pure knockout tournament. All ties were two-legged, including the final. Starting with the
1998 event, the final became a one-off match, but all other ties remained two-legged.
Before the 2004-05 season, the tournament consisted of one qualifying round, followed by a series of knockout rounds. The 16 losers in the third qualifying round of the
UEFA Champions League Champions League entered at the first round proper; later in the tournament, the survivors would be joined by third-place finishers in the group phase of the Champions League.
The current competition format was introduced in
2004-
2005 05. Two qualifying rounds were introduced instead of one, and losers in the third qualifying round of the Champions League are still placed in the first round proper of the tournament. After the first round proper, the 40 survivors enter a group phase, with the clubs being drawn into eight groups of five each. Unlike the Champions League group phase, the UEFA Cup group phase is played in a single round-robin format, with each club playing two home and two away games. The top three teams in each group advance, where they are joined by the eight third-place teams in the Champions League group phase. From this point, knockout play resumes, with two-legged ties leading to the one-off final.
Trivia
*Only 4 teams have achieved the treble of winning the UEFA Cup, their domestic league and domestic cup in the same season, they are:
**
IFK Göteborg (
1982)
**
Galatasaray (
2000)
**
FC Porto (
2003)
**
PFC CSKA Moscow CSKA Moscow (2005)
*** In 2001
Liverpool F.C. Liverpool achieved a 'lesser' treble by winning the UEFA Cup, FA Cup and League Cup
* 12 teams have won the UEFA Cup and their domestic league in the same season, they are:
**
Liverpool F.C. Liverpool (
1973,
1976)
**
IFK Göteborg (
1982,
1987)
**
FC Barcelona Barcelona (
1960)
**
Feyenoord Rotterdam Feyenoord (
1974)
**
Borussia Mönchengladbach (
1975)
**
Juventus F.C. Juventus (
1977)
**
PSV Eindhoven (
1978)
**
Real Madrid (
1986)
**
Galatasaray (
2000)
**
FC Porto (
2003)
**
Valencia CF Valencia (2004)
**
PFC CSKA Moscow CSKA Moscow (2005)
* The UEFA Cup traditionally was the only one among the three European trophies which gave most countries multiple entries. This has led to several national finals:
{| class="wikitable"
!Season!!Country!! !! !!
|-
|
1971/
1972 72||
England.html">Tottenham Hotspur F.C.
Tottenham Hotspur||v||
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. Wolverhampton Wanderers
|-
|
1979/
1980 80||
West Germany.html">Eintracht Frankfurt
|v||Borussia Mönchengladbach
|-
|
1989/90.html">Italy
|Juventus F.C.|Juventus||v||
ACF Fiorentina Fiorentina
|-
|
1990/
1991 91||Italy||
Internazionale Milano F.C. Internazionale||v||
A.S. Roma Roma
|-
|
1994/
1995 95||Italy||
Parma F.C. Parma||v||
Juventus F.C. Juventus
|-
|
1997/
1998 98||Italy||
Internazionale Milano F.C. Internazionale||v||
S.S. Lazio Lazio
|}
* Never was a single country more dominant than in 1979/80: West Germany had five entrants that year (4 by right, and Borussia Mönchengladbach as the holders - they hadn't qualified for Europe in the Bundesliga), and all five reached the quarterfinals. This necessarily led to (at least) one inter-German tie, and 1.FC Kaiserslautern were eliminated by Bayern München 4-2 on aggregate. But all other German clubs made it past the quarterfinals, giving an all-German semifinal lineup:
**
VfB Stuttgart v
Borussia Mönchengladbach (2-3 on aggregate)
**
Bayern München v
Eintracht Frankfurt (3-5 on aggregate)
* The West Germany v Rest of Europe balance that UEFA Cup makes convincing reading: from 36 matches, the West German teams won 23, drew 7 and lost 6, scoring 74 goals and conceding 29. Typically, the team with the worst record (Eintracht, 8 4 1 3 14-8), who finished lowest of the 5 in the Bundesliga as well, went on to win the trophy. No German team was eliminated by a non-German team in the UEFA Cup that year!
* Only one club has ever retained the UEFA Cup:
Real Madrid won it in both 1984/85 and
1985/86.
* The only country to keep it 3 consecutive seasons is Italy, and they did so on two occasions: between
1988/89 and
1990/91 (
Napoli Soccer Napoli,
Juventus F.C. Juventus, and
Internazionale Milano F.C. Internazionale the winners) and between 1992/93 and 1994/95 (
Juventus F.C. Juventus,
Internazionale Milano F.C. Internazionale, and
Parma F.C. Parma).
* If one combines the records of the Fairs' Cup and the UEFA Cup, English clubs won 6 times between
1967/68 and 1972/73.
* The record number of consecutive participations in the UEFA Cup is 10; all teams to play at least 6 consecutive seasons (including eliminations in the qualifying rounds of the tournament proper):
{| class="wikitable"
!Entries!!Club!!Seasons
|-
|10||
Club Brugge||
1996/97-2005/06
|-
|9||
PAOK Thessaloniki||
1997/98-2005/06
|-
|8||
Celtic F.C Celtic||1996/97-2003/04
|-
|8||
Red Star Belgrade Crvena Zvezda Belgrade||1998/99-2005/
2006 06
|-
|8||
CSKA Sofia||1998/99-2005/06
|-
|8||
Grazer AK||1998/99-2005/06
|-
|8||
FC Shakhtar Donetsk Shakhtar Donetsk||1998/99-2005/06
|-
|8||
Slavia Praha||1998/99-2005/06
|-
|7||
PSV Eindhoven||1979/80-1985/86
|-
|7||
FC Spartak Moscow Spartak Moscow||
1981/82-1987/88
|-
|7||
Sporting Clube de Portugal Sporting CP||1988/89-1994/95
|-
|7||
Parma F.C. Parma||1998/99-2004/05
|-
|7||
Brøndby IF Brøndby||
1999/00-2005/06
|-
|7||
FC Vaduz||1999/00-2005/06
|-
|6||
1. FC Köln FC Köln(also in Fairs' Cup
1970/71)||1971/72-1976/77
|-
|6||
Grasshopper-Club Zürich Grasshoppers||1972/73-1977/78
|-
|6||
Dundee United||1977/78-1982/83
|-
|6||
Werder Bremen||
1982/83-1987/88
|-
|6||
Internazionale Milano F.C. Internazionale||
1983/84-
1988/
1989 89
|-
|6||
Rangers F.C. Rangers||1997/98-2002/03
|-
|6||
FK Ventspils||2000/01-2005/06
|-
|6||
Wisła Kraków||2000/01-2005/06
|}
** Apart from FC Köln,
Vitória FC (Setúbal) also has a series of 7 seasons if we take the Fairs' Cup into account:
1968/
1969 69 -1974/75 (3 seasons in the Fairs and 4 in the UEFA Cup).
*Entering both the Champions League and/or its qualifying rounds and the UEFA Cup in the same season has now become so common that a separate statistic of all clubs having done so in three or more consecutive seasons may be of interest (between square brackets the means of entering the UEFA Cup is indicated in chronological order, G denoting group stage, q denoting qualifying round):
{| class="wikitable"
!Entries!!Club!!Seasons!!Stages
|-
|6||
FC Shakhtar Donetsk Shakhtar Donetsk||2000/01-2005/06||GqqqGq
|-
|3||
Rangers F.C. Rangers||1999/00-
2001/02||GGq
|-
|3||
Celtic F.C. Celtic||2000/01-2003/04||GqG
|-
|3||
Grazer AK||2002/03-2004/05||qqq
|-
|3||
Club Brugge||2002/03-2004/05||qGq
|-
|3||
Wisła Kraków||2003/04-2005/06||qqq
|}
**
SL Benfica Benfica and
Panathinaikos had a chance to join this group 2005/06 if they finished third in the Champions League group stage (series started 2003/04), but neither did so. Panathinaikos finished fourth in their group, knocking them out of European competition entirely. Benfica avoided the UEFA Cup completely, finishing second in their group and thereby advancing to the Champions League round of 16.
* Several times, winning the UEFA Cup was a club's only chance to qualify for European competition in the next season. A win by such a mediocre, mid-table (and non-domestic-cup-winning) club then led to an extra place in the UEFA Cup for the country in question. The following clubs managed to save their season by winning the UEFA Cup:
{| class="wikitable"
!Season!!Club!!Country!!Domestic position
|-
|1971/72||
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Tottenham Hotspur||
England||6th
|-
|1978/79||
Borussia Mönchengladbach||
West Germany||10th
|-
|
1979/80.html">Eintracht Frankfurt
|West Germany||9th
|-
|1983/84||
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Tottenham Hotspur||England||8th
|-
|1987/88||
Bayer Leverkusen||West Germany||8th
|-
|
1993/
1994 94||
Internazionale Milano F.C. Internazionale||
Italy||13th
|-
|1996/97||
FC Schalke 04 Schalke 04||
Germany||12th
|}
** Spurs did it twice; the Germans four times and Internazionale's 1993/94 finish is the worst by any winner of a European club title.
UEFA Cup Records
* Highest win in one leg, most goals in game:
**
1984/85, 1st round:
***
AFC Ajax Ajax 14-0
Red Boys Differdange
* Highest aggregate win, most goals in tie:
** 1972/73, 1st round:
***
Feyenoord Rotterdam Feyenoord 9-0
US Rumelange
***
US Rumelange 0-12
Feyenoord Rotterdam Feyenoord
*** Feyenoord win 21-0 on aggregate
(tie for record for all European Cups)
* Best come-backs:
**
1955/
1958 58, Group Stage
***
Leipzig XI 6–3
Lausanne Sports
***
Lausanne Sports 7–3
Leipzig XI
*** Lausanne Sports win 10-9 on aggregate
**
1984/85, 2nd round:
***
Queens Park Rangers 6-2
FK Partizan Partizan Belgrade
***
FK Partizan Partizan Belgrade 4-0
Queens Park Rangers
*** 6-6 on aggregate, Partizan Belgrade win on away goals
** 1985/86, 3rd round:
***
Borussia Mönchengladbach 5-1
Real Madrid
***
Real Madrid 4-0
Borussia Mönchengladbach
*** 5-5 on aggregate, Real Madrid win on away goal
** 1987/88, 3rd round:
***
Budapest Honvéd FC Honvéd 5-2
Panathinaikos [after 5-0]
***
Panathinaikos 5-1
Budapest Honvéd FC Honvéd
*** Panathinaikos win 7-6 on aggregate
** 1996/97, 3rd round:
***
Brøndby IF 1-3
Karlsruher SC [after 0-3 at 81']
***
Karlsruher SC 0-5
Brøndby IF
*** Brøndby IF win 6-3 on aggregate
* Final come-back:
** 1987/88, final:
***
RCD Espanyol Espanyol 3-0
Bayer Leverkusen
***
Bayer Leverkusen 3-0
RCD Espanyol Espanyol [aet] [after 0-0 at 56']
*** 3-3 on aggregate, Bayer Leverkusen won 3-2 on penalties
UEFA Cup Finals
:''Main article:
UEFA Cup Finals''
Performance by nation
{| class="wikitable"
!Nation
!Winners
!Losing finalists
!Winning clubs
|-
|
Image:Flag_of_England.svg 20px|England England
|10||6||
Liverpool F.C. Liverpool (3),
Leeds United F.C. Leeds United (2),
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Tottenham Hotspur (2),
Arsenal F.C. Arsenal (1),
Ipswich Town F.C. Ipswich Town (1),
Newcastle United F.C. Newcastle United (1)
|-
|
Image:Flag of Italy.svg 20px|Italy Italy
|10||6||
Internazionale Milano F.C. Inter Milan (3),
Juventus (3),
Parma F.C. Parma (2),
SSC Napoli Napoli (1),
A.S. Roma Roma (1)
|-
|
Image:Flag_of_Spain.svg 20px|Spain Spain
|9||8||
FC Barcelona Barcelona (3),
Valencia CF Valencia (3),
Real Madrid (2),
Real Zaragoza (1)
|-
|
Image:Flag of Germany.svg 20px|Germany Germany
|6||8||
Borussia Mönchengladbach (2),
Bayer Leverkusen (1),
Bayern Munich (1),
Eintracht Frankfurt (1),
FC Schalke 04 Schalke 04 (1)
|-
|
Image:Flag of the Netherlands.svg 20px|Netherlands Netherlands
|4||2||
Feyenoord Rotterdam Feyenoord (2),
Ajax Amsterdam Ajax (1),
PSV Eindhoven (1)
|-
|
Image:Flag of Sweden.svg 20px|Sweden Sweden
|2||0||
IFK Göteborg (2)
|-
|
Image:Flag of Belgium.svg 20px|Belgium Belgium
|1||3||
R.S.C. Anderlecht Anderlecht (1)
|-
|
Image:Flag of Hungary.svg 20px|Hungary Hungary
|1||3||
Ferencvaros (1)
|-
|
Image:Flag of Portugal.svg 20px|Portugal Portugal
|1||2||
FC Porto Porto (1)
|-
|
Image:Flag of SFR Yugoslavia.svg 20px|Yugoslavia Yugoslavia
|1||2||
Dinamo Zagreb (1)
|-
|
Image:Flag of Russia.svg 20px|Portugal Russia
|1||0||
PFC CSKA Moscow CSKA Moscow (1)
|-
|
Image:Flag of Turkey.svg 20px|Turkey Turkey
|1||0||
Galatasaray (1)
|-
|
Image:Flag of France.svg 20px|France France
|0||4||-
|-
|
Image:Flag of Scotland.svg 20px|Scotland Scotland
|0||2||-
|-
|
Image:Flag of Austria.svg 20px|Austria Austria
|0||1||-
|}
See also
*
UEFA Champions League
*
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
*
UEFA Club Football Awards
*
List of sporting events
External link
-
Official UEFA Cup website
{{Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Seasons}}
{{UEFA Cup Seasons}}
{{UEFA Cup 2005/06}}
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