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United arab emirates

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{{Redirect|UAE}} {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+'''الإمارات العربيّة المتّحدة
''Al-ImÄ?rÄ?t al-‘ArabÄ«yah al-Muttahidah''
United Arab Emirates''' |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="165px" | Image:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg 125px| | align="center" width="165px" | Image:Uae coa.png 90px |- | align="center" width="165px" | (Flag of the United Arab Emirates In Detail) | align="center" width="165px" | (Coat of Arms of the United Arab Emirates In Detail) |} |- | align=center style="vertical-align: top;" colspan=2 | ''List of state mottos National motto: none'' |- | align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | image:LocationUnitedArabEmirates.png |- | '''Official language''' | Arabic language Arabic |- | '''Capital ''' | '''Abu Dhabi''' |- | '''Largest City ''' | '''Abu Dhabi''' |- | '''List of countries by area Area''' | 83,600 km² |- | '''List of countries by population Population'''
 - Total (2004)
 - Density | List of countries by population Ranked 119th
4.3 million
46/km² |- |'''Human Development Index HDI''' (2003) || 0.849 (List of countries by Human Development Index 41st) – high |- | '''List of rulers of separate Emirates of the United Arab Emirates Monarch''' | Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahayan |- | '''List of Prime Ministers of the United Arab Emirates Prime Minister''' | Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum |- | '''Independence declared''' | 2 December, 1971 |- | '''Currency''' | United Arab Emirates dirham UAE dirham |- | '''Time zone''' | UTC +4 |- | '''National anthem''' | Arabic Emirati Tahiat Alalam |- | '''Top-level domain Internet TLD''' | .ae |- | '''List of country calling codes Calling code''' | +971 |}The '''United Arab Emirates''' (also called the '''UAE''') is a Middle Eastern country situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia on the Persian Gulf, comprising seven emirates: Abu Dhabi, AjmÄ?n, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm al-Qaiwain. Before 1971, they were known as the '''Trucial States''' or '''Trucial Oman''', in reference of a nineteenth-century truce between the United Kingdom British and some Arab Sheikhs. It borders Oman and Saudi Arabia. The country is rich in petroleum oil.

History
{{main|History of the United Arab Emirates}} The seven Trucial Sheikdom States of the Persian Gulf coast granted the United Kingdom control of their defense and foreign affairs in nineteenth-century treaties. In 1971, six of these states — Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Fujairah, Sharjah, Dubai, and Umm al-Qaiwain — merged to form the United Arab Emirates. They were joined in 1972 by Ras Al Khaimah.

Politics
{{main|Politics of the United Arab Emirates}}

Federal institutions
The Supreme Council consists of the individual rulers of the seven emirates. The President and Vice-President are elected by the Supreme Council every five years. Although unofficial, the Presidency is de facto hereditary to the Al-Nahyan clan of Abu Dhabi and the Premiership is hereditary to the Al-Maktoom clan of Dubai. The Supreme Council also elects the Council of Ministers, while an appointed 40-member Federal National Council, drawn from all the emirates, reviews proposed laws. There is a federal court system; all emirates except Dubai and Ras al-Khaimah have joined the federal system; all emirates have secular and Islamic law for civil, criminal, and high courts. Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan was the union's president from the nation's founding until his death on 2 November 2004. His son, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahayan was elected president the next day.

Human rights and labor issues
{{main|Human rights in the United Arab Emirates}} The UAE as a federation of monarchy monarchies denies the right of citizens to change their government {{citation needed}}, though limited democratization measures have been proposed. There are no political parties or unions, and nongovernmental organizations are often discouraged. Migrants, particularly migrant workers, make up a majority (approximately 80%) of the resident population of the UAE, and account for 90% of its workforce.[http://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/01/18/uae12233.htm] They lack rights associated with citizenship and face a variety of restrictions on their rights as workers. Children born to migrants in the country are also denied citizenship and associated rights. There is a growing population of second and even third generation 'expatriate' children living in the country. It is common practice for employers in the UAE to retain employees' passports for the duration of the employment contract to prevent expatriate employees from changing jobs. This is an illegal practice, but it is almost never investigated, or punished by the government. On termination of an employment contract, certain categories of expatriates are banned from obtaining a work permit in the country for six months. The United States Department of State has cited widespread instances of blue collar labor abuse in the general context of the United Arab Emirates [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41734.htm]. The government has been criticized by human rights agencies such as Human Rights Watch for its inaction in addressing the discrimination against Asian workers in the emirate. Salary structures based on nationality, gender sex, ageing age, and race rather than on qualification are common [http://www.hrw.org/press/2003/09/migrant091903.htm]. According to Ansar Burney Trust (ABT), an illegal prostitution sex industry thrives in the emirates, especially in Dubai. This complements the tourism and hospitality industry, a major part of Dubai's economy [http://www.socialaffairsunit.org.uk/blog/archives/000345.php]. A 2004 Home Box Office HBO documentary [http://www.ansarburney.org/videolinks/video-hbo1.html] accuses the UAE of illegally using child jockeys in camel racing, where they are subjected also to physical and sexual abuse. Antislavery.org has documented similar allegations.[http://www.antislavery.org/homepage/resources/cameljockeysgallery/gallery.htm] The ABT, which was featured heavily in the HBO documentary, announced that in 2005 the government of the UAE began actively enforcing a ban on child camel jockeys, and that the issue "may finally be resolved". [http://www.cameljockeys.org]. The UAE's human rights record, particularly in relation to migrant workers, was widely criticised during the trials of Sarah Balabagan in 1995. A website [http://www.mafiwasta.com/ www.mafiwasta.com] is campaigning to pressure the government of the UAE into signing up to International Labour Organisation core conventions on freedom of association. Strikes and unions are currently banned in the UAE and many labourers are virtual prisoners, having paid huge agents' fees in order to obtain jobs and visas. A small Oakland think tank (Redefining Progress) has found that the United Arab Emirates has the world's largest ecological footprint at 25 acres (.1 km²) per person.

Airlines history
The Flag_carrier national airline of the UAE was formerly Gulf Air, operated jointly with Bahrain and Oman. On September 132005, the UAE announced that they were withdrawing from Gulf Air to concentrate on Etihad Airways, their new national carrier established in 2003. In 1985, Dubai established a local airline called Emirates (airline) Emirates, which has become one of the most popular in the world.

Migrant workers
Migrant workers, often unskilled or semi-skilled, comprise a large portion of UAE's workforce. A 2003 Human Rights Watch report estimates up to 90 percent of the country's 1.7 million workers are migrants. These migrants, drawn to wages often ten times {{citation needed}} what they could make in their home countries, have helped UAE's endless construction projects proceed rapidly. Human rights groups have accused employers of exploiting these migrants. Charges include confiscating passports, withholding salaries, and sexual exploitation.

Geography
{{main|Geography of the United Arab Emirates}} Image:Tc-map.png 250px|right|Map of the United Arab Emirates The UAE lies in Southwest Asia, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia. It is a flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; with mountains in the east. Its strategic location along southern approaches to the Strait of Hormuz makes it a vital transit point for world crude oil. The UAE is considered to be one of the fifteen states that comprise the so-called "Cradle of Humanity". The border demarcation treaties of 1974 and 1977 between the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia were never made public. Therefore the exact border of the two countries is only known to their governments.

Exclaves and enclaves
There is an Omani enclave inside UAE territory, known as Madha Wadi Madha. It is located halfway between the Musandam peninsula and the rest of Oman, on the Dubai-Hatta road in the Emirate of Sharjah. It covers approximately 75 km² (29 square mile mi²) and the boundary was settled in 1969. The north-east corner of Madha is closest to the Khor Fakkan-Fujairah road, barely 10 m (33 ft) away. Within the enclave is a UAE exclave called Nahwa, also belonging to the Emirate of Sharjah. It is about 8 km (5 mile mi) on a dirt track west of the town of New Madha. It consists of about 40 houses with its own clinic and telephone exchange [http://geosite.jankrogh.com/nahwa.htm].

Technology and telecommunications
Federal Act No. 1[http://www.etisalat.co.ae./federalactlawe.pdf] of 1976 establishes the Emirates Telecommunications Corporation as the sole telephone and telecommunications provider in the country, however freezones and modern housing developments are exempt from this and utilise a separate telecommunications company. Image:Dubai_2_400q.jpg 250px|right|thumb|Dubai Skyline For the majority of the UAE, Etisalat has a monopoly on business and personal telecommunications services. The Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) requires Etisalat to actively censor website Internet sites. Material deemed offensive is often blocked. Recently, a new Telephone company and Internet Service Provider (previously called Sahamnet and now a subsidiary of Dubai Internet City) has launched to serve expatriates who have purchased freehold property within the UAE.

Demographics
{{Main|Demographics of the United Arab Emirates}} {{section-stub}}

Culture
{{main|Culture of the United Arab Emirates}} Rooted in Islamic culture, the UAE has strong ties with the rest of the Arab world. The government is committed to preserving traditional forms of art and culture, primarily through the Abu Dhabi Cultural Foundation. Change is very apparent in social life however - attitudes toward women are shifting, and new sports are becoming popular alongside traditional camel racing, including golf, with two European Tour events in the country (the Dubai Desert Classic and the Abu Dhabi Golf Championship) and the world's richest horse race, the Dubai World Cup, held annually in March. Due to the predominant Muslim religious beliefs, pork and alcohol are not commonly served in the area. [http://www.dubaiworldcup.com/] *Music of the United Arab Emirates *Islam in the United Arab Emirates

Holidays
{| class="wikitable" |- ! Date !! English language English Name !! Arabic language Arabic Transliteration |- | 1 January || New Year's Day || رأس السنة الميلادية |- | Varies || The Day of The Sacrifice || Eid ul-Adha (عيد الأضحى) |- | Varies || Islamic calendar Islamic New Year || Ra's Al Sana Al Hijria (رأس السنة الهجرية)   |- | 6 August || Accession of H.H. Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan-al Nahyan ||   |- | Varies || The Night Journey || Miraj Isra'a wa al-Miraj (الإسراء Ùˆ المعراج)   |- | 2 December || National Day || Al-Eid Al Watani (العيد الوطني)   |- | Varies || End of Ramadan || Eid ul-Fitr (عيد الÙ?طر) |}

Miscellaneous topics
* Communications in the United Arab Emirates * Foreign relations of the United Arab Emirates * List of cities in the United Arab Emirates * List of UAE companies * List of UAE Nationals Prominent UAE Citizens * :Category:Schools in the United Arab Emirates Schools in the UAE * Military of the United Arab Emirates * Transportation in the United Arab Emirates * Dubai Ports World controversy * Gay rights in the United Arab Emirates

External links
{{sisterlinks|United Arab Emirates}} '''Government'''
- Government of United Arab Emirates official site
- UAE Ministry Of Information '''General information'''
- Ras Al Khaimahs Unique Website with Business Clubs in RAK & Dubai
- Dubai Business Network largest business forum in the UAE
- CIA World Factbook - ''United Arab Emirates'' directory category
- Open Directory Project - ''United Arab Emirates'' directory category
- US State Department - ''United Arab Emirates'' includes Background Notes, Country Study and major reports
- Dubai City Guide
- The Emirates Network
- Middle East Public Relations Association (MEPRA) '''UAE communities and forums'''
- Dubai Forums.com
- UAE Expat Portal
- Lores of Dubai
- UAE Forum.net
- UAE Forum.org '''Non-governmental organisations'''
- Ansar Burney Trust - working on human rights and human trafficking issues in the Middle East; and against the use of children for slavery for camel racing in the UAE
- MAFIWASTA - working on workers' rights issues '''Media'''
- Sport of Sheikhs - Emmy and duPont award winning documentary on child slavery in the UAE
- Dubai - pearl of the middle east '''Sport'''
- UAE Footbal Association - The official webiste of the association {{Arab League}} {{Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf}} {{Southwest_Asia}} {{Middle_East}} {{Asia}} Category:Arab League Category:Arabia Category:Persian Gulf states Category:Middle Eastern countries Category:Southwest Asian countries Category:United Arab Emirates * Category:1971 establishments ar:الإمارات العربية المتحدة an:Emiratos Arabes Unitos bg:Обединени арабÑ?ки емирÑ?тва zh-min-nan:A-la-pek Liân-haÌ?p Thâu-lâng-kok ca:Emirats Àrabs Units cs:Spojené arabské emiráty da:Forenede Arabiske Emirater de:Vereinigte Arabische Emirate el:Ηνωμένα ΑÏ?αβικά ΕμιÏ?άτα et:Araabia Ãœhendemiraadid es:Emiratos Ã?rabes Unidos eo:UnuiÄ?intaj Arabaj Emirlandoj fa:امارات متحده عربی fr:Émirats arabes unis fy:Feriene Arabyske Emiraten ga:Aontas na nÉimíríochtaí Arabacha gl:Emiratos Ã?rabes Unidos - الإمارات العربيّة المتّحدة ko:ì•„ëž?ì—?미리트 kw:Pennternasedh Unys Arabek ht:Emira Arab Ini hr:Ujedinjeni Arapski Emirati io:Unionita Araba Emirati id:Uni Emirat Arab ia:Emiratos Arabe Unite is:Sameinuðu arabísku furstadæmin it:Emirati Arabi Uniti he:×?יחוד ×”×?מירויות הערביות la:Emiratus Arabi Uniti lv:Apvienotie ArÄ?bu EmirÄ?ti lt:Jungtiniai Arabų Emyratai lb:Vereenegt Arabesch Emirater li:Vereinegde Arabische Emirate hu:Arab Emírségek ml:à´?à´•àµ?à´¯ അറബàµ? എമിരേറàµ?à´±àµ?കൾ ms:Amiriah Arab Bersatu nl:Verenigde Arabische Emiraten nds:Vereenigte Araabsche Emiraten ja:アラブ首長国連邦 no:De forente arabiske emirater nn:Dei sameinte arabiske emirata oc:Emirats Arabs Units pl:Zjednoczone Emiraty Arabskie pt:Emiratos Ã?rabes Unidos ro:Emiratele Arabe Unite ru:Объединённые Ð?рабÑ?кие Эмираты sq:Emiratet e Bashkuara Arabe sk:Spojené arabské emiráty sl:Združeni arabski emirati sr:Уједињени Ð?рапÑ?ки Емирати fi:Arabiemiirikunnat sv:Förenade Arabemiraten tl:United Arab Emirates tg:Имороти Муттаҳидаи Ð?раб ta:à®?கà¯?கிய அரபà¯? அமீரகமà¯? th:สหรัà¸?อาหรับเอมิเรตส์ tr:BirleÅŸik Arap Emirlikleri uk:Об'єднані Ð?рабÑ?ькі Емірати zh:阿拉伯è?¯å?ˆé…‹é•·åœ‹ {{sisterlinkswp|Category:United Arab Emirates}} {{commonscat|United Arab Emirates}} {{catmore}} Category:Southwest Asian countries Category:Middle Eastern countries Category:Arabia Category:Persian Gulf states Category:Arab League ar:تصنيÙ?:إمارات عربية متحدة bg:КатегориÑ?:Обединени арабÑ?ки емирÑ?тва ca:Categoria:Emirats Àrabs Units cs:Kategorie:Spojené arabské emiráty de:Kategorie:Vereinigte Arabische Emirate et:Kategooria:Araabia Ãœhendemiraadid es:Categoría:Emiratos Ã?rabes Unidos eo:Kategorio:UnuiÄ?intaj Arabaj Emirlandoj fa:Category:امارات متحده عربی fr:Catégorie:Émirats arabes unis gl:Category:Emiratos Ã?rabes Unidos ko:분류:ì•„ëž?ì—?미리트 io:Category:Unionita Araba Emirati id:Kategori:Uni Emirat Arab is:Flokkur:Sameinuðu arabísku furstadæmin it:Categoria:Emirati Arabi Uniti he:קטגוריה:×?יחוד ×”×?מירויות הערביות lt:Kategorija:Jungtiniai Arabų Emyratai nl:Categorie:Verenigde Arabische Emiraten ja:Category:アラブ首長国連邦 no:Kategori:De forente arabiske emirater nn:Kategori:Dei sameinte arabiske emirata pl:Kategoria:Zjednoczone Emiraty Arabskie pt:Categoria:Emiratos Ã?rabes Unidos ro:Categorie:Emiratele Arabe Unite ru:КатегориÑ?:Объединённые Ð?рабÑ?кие Эмираты sl:Kategorija:Združeni arabski emirati sr:Категорија:Уједињени Ð?рапÑ?ки Емирати fi:Luokka:Arabiemiirikunnat sv:Kategori:Förenade Arabemiraten ta:பகà¯?பà¯?பà¯?:à®?கà¯?கிய அரபà¯? அமீரகமà¯? tr:Kategori:BirleÅŸik Arap Emirlikleri zh:Category:阿拉伯è?”å?ˆé…‹é•¿å›½ see United Arab Emirates

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