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Uttaranchal
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{{India state infobox|
state_name=Uttaranchal |
image_map=IndiaUttaranchal.png |
capital=
Dehradun |
latd = 30.19|longd=78.04|
largest_city=
Dehradun|
abbreviation=IN-UL |
official_languages=
Hindi,
Garhwali,
Kumaoni |
legislature_type=Unicameral |
legislature_strength=30 |
governor_name=
Sudarshan Aggarwal|
chief_minister=
Narayan Dutt Tiwari |
established_date=
2000-11-09 |
area=53,566 |
area_rank=18th |
area_magnitude=10 |
population_year=2001 |
population=8,479,562 |
population_rank=19th |
population_density=159 |
districts=13 |
website=ua.nic.in |
seal=
image:Uttaranchalseal.png center |
footnotes = †Dehradun is the provisional capital of the state. The new capital is not yet decided|
}}
'''Uttaranchal (उत�तरांचल)''' became the 28th
States and territories of India state of the Republic of
India on
November 9,
2005. Uttaranchal borders
China in the north and
Nepal to the east, while its neighbour states are
Himachal Pradesh to the west and
Uttar Pradesh (of which it formed a part before 2000) in the south. The region is traditionally referred to as
Uttarakhand in old literature and scriptures which derives from the Sanskrit for ''North Country''. The provisional capital of Uttaranchal is
Dehra Dun which is also a rail-head and the largest city in the region. The small hamlet of
Gairsen has been mooted as the future capital owing to its geographic centrality but controversies and lack of resources have led Dehra Dun to be the provisional capital.The High Court of the state is in Nainital.
Uttaranchal is a region of outstanding natural beauty. Most of the northern parts of the state are part of Greater Himalya ranges, covered by the high
Himalayan peaks and glaciers, while the lower foothills were densely forested till denuded by the British log merchants and forest contractors after independence. Recent efforts in forestation, however, have been successful in restoring the situation to some extent. The unique Himalayan ecosystem plays host to a large number of animals (including
bharal,
snow leopards,
leopards and
tigers), plants and rare herbs. Two of India's mightiest rivers, the
Ganga and the
Yamuna take birth in the glaciers of Uttaranchal, and are fed by myriad lakes, glacial melts and streams in the region.
The tourism industry is a major contributor to the economy of Uttaranchal, with the
Jim Corbett National Park Corbett National Park and Tiger Reserve and the nearby hill-stations of
Nainital and Bhimtal and several other hill-stations like
Mussoorie,
Almora and
Ranikhet being among the most frequented destinations of India. To this region also belong some of the holiest Hindu shrines, and for almost 2000 years now, pilgrims have been visiting the temples at
Haridwar,
Badrinath,
Kedarnath and Jageshwar in the hope of salvation and purification from sin.
Rishikesh near Haridwar has the major spiritual and yoga centers of India.
Gangotri and
Yamunotri, the sources of the
Ganga Ganges and
Yamuna also fall in this region and are revered by many. Besides these most popular pilgrim centers, the state has an abundance of temples and shrines, references to most of which can be found in Hindu scriptures and legends. The architecture of most of these temples is typical of the region and slightly different from other parts of India, the ancient temples at Jageshwar being the most popular for their architectural importance.
Uttaranchal is comprised of two regions, the western half known as
Garhwal and the eastern region going by the name of
Kumaon, the two having different chieftains in history and different lingual and cultural influences due to proximity and neighbourhood of different cultures. Inseparable and complementary nature of their geography, economy, culture, language and traditions, however, have formed strong bondages between the two regions.
Recent developments in the region include initiatives by the state government to capitalise on the burgeoning tourist trade as well as tax incentives to lure high-tech industry to the state. The state also has big-dam projects, controversial and often criticised in India, such as the very large
Tehri dam on the Bhagirathi-Bhilangana rivers, conceived in 1953 and about to to reach completion.
People
The native people call themselves
Garhwali/
Kumaoni and more than 90% of them are
Hindus. Many also colloquially call themselves
Pahari meaning "hill person" to distinguish themselves from
Desis of the rest of India. Most of them identify themselves in the upper castes. Other ethnic communities in the region include
Nepali who have arrived over the past century from the neighbouring country of Nepal, and the Tibatan migrants settled called as the Jadh, Marcha and Shauka on the Indo-Tibetan frontier, collectively known as the
Bhotiya, and nomadic cattle herders known as
Gujjar in the southern Terai region. Many
Punjabis after the partition of India,
Bengalis, and
Tibetans of Eastern Tibet region (KHAMPA) have also settled in the southern plains part of the state.
The
Tharu and
Buksha can also be found in the hilly Terai region, although these areas are now heavily populated by a mixed population from
Punjab and the adjoining plains.
Kumaoni and
Garhwali dialects are spoken is
Kumaon and
Garhwal region respectively.
Jaunsari and
Bhotia is also spoken in the region by some Tribal Communities. In various regions a mixture of both Kumaoni and Garhwali is also spoken. The city population however converse mostly in Hindi.
Geography
Uttaranchal lies on the south slope of the mighty
Himalaya range, and the climate and vegetation vary greatly with elevation, from glaciers at the highest elevations to tropical forests at the lower elevations. The highest elevations are covered by ice and bare rock. The
Western Himalayan Alpine Shrub and Meadows ecoregion lies between 3000-3500 and 5000 meters elevation; tundra and alpine meadows cover the highest elevations, transitioning to ''
Rhododendron''-dominated shrublands below. The
Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests lie just below the tree line; at 3000-2600 meters elevation they transition to the
Western Himalayan broadleaf forests, which lie in a belt from 2,600 to 1,500 meters elevation. Below 1500 meters elevation lies western end of the drier
Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands belt, and the
Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests. This belt is locally known as
Bhabhar.These lowland forests have mostly been cleared for agriculture, but a few pockets remain.
National parks of India Indian National Parks in Uttaranchal include the
Jim Corbett National Park at Ramnagar in
Nainital District,
Valley of Flowers Valley of Flowers National Park and
Nanda Devi National Park in
Chamoli District,
Rajaji National Park in
Haridwar District, and
Govind Pashu Vihar National Park and
Gangotri National Park in
Uttarkashi District.
Statistics
*Total Geographical area: 51,125 km²
:Hill Area: 92.57%
:Plain Area: 7.43%
:Area Covered By Forest: 63%
*
Location (geography) Location
:
Longitude 77° 34' 27" East to 81° 02' 22" E
:
Latitude 28° 53' 24" North to 31° 27' 50" N
*Total Population: 7,050,634 (Male : Female = 1000 : 976)
:Male: % 51.91
:Female: % 48.81
:Rural Population: 76.90%
:Urban Population: 23.10%
:Other Minorities: 2.0%(approx)
*
Literacy Rate: 65%
*Villages: 15620
*Cities and Urban Areas: 81
*Railway Stations: Kotwara, Dehradun, Haridwar, Rishikesh,
Haldwani, Lalkuan, Kathgodam, Tanakpur
*Airports: Pant Nagar, Nainisaine, Jolly Grant
*Major Peaks (height in m above sea level)
:Gauri Parvat (6590),
Gangotri (6614), Panch Chhuli ( 6910), Nanda Devi (7816), Nanda Kot (6861), Kamet ( 7756), Badrinath (7140), Trishul (7120), Chaukhamba (7138), Dunagiri (7066)
*Major Passes
:Mana (5450), Nitipass (5070), Lipulekh ( 5122), LumpiaDhura (5650)
*
Industry
:
Tourism,
Dairy,
Agriculture,
Horticulture,
Floriculture,
Sugar and other small scale industries
*Festivals
:Uttarani,
Nanda Devi Mela,
Holi,
Diwali,
Dasara, Kandali, Hilljatra, Bikhoti, Bagwal, Harela, Ghugutee
*Events
:Sardotasv, Basantotsav,
Nanda Devi Raj Jat, Chipla Kedar Jaat,
Kedarnath Yatra, Badrinath Yatra,
Kumbh Mela, Ardh Kumbh Mela,
Ramleela
*Trade Centers
:
Haldwani,
Rudrapur,
Roorkee,
Tanakpur,
Dehradun,
Haridwar,
Kotdwar,
Rishikesh
Districts
Image:Uttaranchal_districts.png thumb|300px|right|Districts of Uttaranchal (as of 2001)
Uttaranchal is divided into 13 districts:
Almora,
Bageshwar,
Chamoli,
Champawat,
Dehradun,
Haridwar,
Nainital,
Pauri (Pauri Garhwal),
Pithoragarh,
Rudraprayag,
Tehri (Tehri Garhwal),
Udham Singh Nagar, and
Uttarkashi. These districts form two divisions;
Garhwal division includes Chamoli, Dehradun, Haridwar, Pauri Garhwal, Rudraprayag, Tehri, and Uttarkashi districts, and
Kumaon division includes Almora, Bageshwar, Champawat, Nainital, Pithoragarh, and Udham Singh Nagar.
Economy
Uttaranchal's gross state domestic product for 2004 is estimated at $6 billion in current prices. After partition of Uttar Pradesh, the new state of Uttaranchal produces about 8% of the output of the old Uttar Pradesh state.
External links
Government
-
Government of Uttaranchal Official site
-
Uttaranchal Police
Universities / Institutions
-
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Official website
-
Kumaon Engineering College Official website
-
G.B.Pant University of Agril. & Technology Official website
Community / Social Organisations
-
Uttaranchal Gateway: uttaramchal.ws Largest Uttaranchal online Community on Web.
-
The Young Uttaranchal Largest Uttaranchal Community on Web
Other sites related to Uttaranchal
-
uttaranchal.ws, uttaranchal in web Everything you want to discover about uttaranchal.
-
eUttaranchal Network The Gateway to Uttaranchal
-
Uttaranchal Online An informative site for uttaranchal
-
UANA Uttaranchal Association of North America
-
Uttaranchal Yellow Pages The Guide to Uttaranchal Business
Uttarakhand Sites
-
Uttarakhand Home Page: Earliest Web site on the Himalayan region, predating its incorporation into the new state of Uttaranchal.
-
Uttarakhand Solidarity Network: Web site closely affiliated with the successor movements of the Uttarakhand Andolan.
{{India}}
Category:Uttaranchal *
Category:States and territories of India
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Category:States and territories of India
*** Shopping-Tip: Uttaranchal
