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VIETNAM
*** Shopping-Tip: VIETNAM
{{Infobox Country |
native_name = ''Cộng Hòa Xã Hội Chủ Nghĩa Việt Nam'' |
conventional_long_name = Socialist Republic of Vietnam |
common_name = Vietnam |
national_motto = Ä?á»™c láºp - Tá»± do - Hạnh phúc
(Independence, liberty, happiness) |
national_anthem =
Tiến Quân Ca |
image_flag = Flag of Vietnam.svg |
image_coat = Viet-coa.PNG |
image_map = LocationVietnam.png |
capital =
Hanoi |latd=21|latm=2|latNS=N|longd=105|longm=51|longEW=E|
largest_city =
Ho Chi Minh City |
official_languages =
Vietnamese language Vietnamese |
government_type =
Communist single-party state |
leader_titles =
General Secretary of Communist Party of Vietnam General SecretaryPresident of Vietnam PresidentPrime Minister of Vietnam Prime Minister |
leader_names =
Nong Duc Manh Nông Ã?ức MạnhTran Duc Luong Trần Ä?ức LÆ°Æ¡ngPhan Van Khai Phan Văn Khải |
sovereignty_type =
History of Vietnam#Post World War II Period Independence |
established_events = - Declared
- Recognized |
established_dates = From
FranceSeptember 2,
19451954 |
area = 329,560 |
areami² = 127,244 |
area_rank = 65th |
area_magnitude = 1 E9 |
percent_water = 1.3 |
population_estimate = 83,535,576 |
population_estimate_year = 2005 |
population_estimate_rank = 13th |
population_census = 76,323,173 |
population_census_year = 1999|
population_density= 253 |
population_densitymi² = 655 |
population_density_rank = 31st |
GDP_PPP_year = 2005 |
GDP_PPP = $231.6 billion |
GDP_PPP_rank = 39th |
GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,782 |
GDP_per_capita = $640 |
GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 131st |
HDI_year = 2003 |
HDI = 0.704 |
HDI_rank = 108th |
HDI_category =
medium |
currency =
Vietnamese đồng đồng (₫) |
currency_code = VND |
time_zone = |
utc_offset = +7 |
time_zone_DST = |
utc_offset_DST = +7 |
cctld =
.vn |
calling_code = 84 |
footnotes = |
}}
The '''Socialist Republic of Vietnam''', simply '''Vietnam''' or '''Viet Nam''',
['''Vietnam''' can also be written '''Viet Nam''' and '''Việt Nam'''.] is a
Communist state communist country in
Southeast Asia. Situated in eastern
Indochina—bordering
China,
Laos,
Cambodia, as well as the
South China Sea—it is the most populous country among the
mainland Southeast Asian countries.
Etymology
The name of the country comes from the Vietnamese ''Việt Nam'', which is in turn a reordering of
Nam Việt, the name of an ancient kingdom from the ancestral Vietnamese that covered much of today's northern Vietnam. Viet Nam means "southern extension" or "over the south" since they were outside of
Han#.22Han.22 in China Han territory. Its
Chinese language Chinese cognate, Yue/Yuet, was also a name for ethnic groups living in the proximity of southern China during ancient times. See
Yue (people).
History
{{Main|History of Vietnam}}
The famous Vietnamese legend tells that the Vietnamese people of various tribes were born in the same egg by the marriage of Lac Long Quan (Dragon Chief) and Au Co. However, most Vietnamese historians consider the Dong Son civilization that covered much of
Southeast Asia to be the beginning of Vietnam's history. In
208 BC 208 BCE, a Qin general named Triệu Ä?à (
Zhao Tuo) established a country called Nam Việt which encompassed Southern China and the Red River Delta. The historical significance of the original Nam Việt remains controversial because some historians consider it a Chinese occupation while some believe it was an independent era.
What is known for sure is that for most of the period from 207 BCE to the early
10th century 10th century, it was under the rule of successive Chinese dynasties. Sporadic independence movements were attempted, but were quickly extinguished by the
Chinese army. In
939, the Vietnamese defeated Chinese forces at the Bạch Ä?ằng River and gained independence. They gained complete autonomy a century later. During the rule of the
Tran Dynasty Trần Dynasty, it defeated three
Mongol attempts of invasion by the
Yuan Dynasty.
Feudalism in Vietnam reached its zenith in the
Le Dynasty Lê Dynasty of the
1400s, especially with Emperor
Le Thanh Tong. Between the
13th century 13th and
17th century 17th centuries, the Vietnamese expanded southward in a process known as ''nam tiến'' (''southward expansion''). They eventually conquered the kingdom of
Champa and much of the
Khmer empire. The independent period ended in the mid-
19th century 19th century, when the country was
colonized by
France.
French rule continued until
World War II, when
Japan occupied Vietnam and used the country as a base to launch attacks against the rest of
Indochina and
India. When the war ended, France attempted to re-establish control but failed, and they were defeated at
Dien Bien Phu. The
Geneva Conference (1954) Geneva Accords subsequently divided the country into
North Vietnam and
South Vietnam, separated by a
DMZ (Vietnam) demilitarized zone.
During the early
Cold War, the North was supported by China and the
Soviet Union while the South was supported by
United States.
The conflict quickly escalated into the
Vietnam War (widely known in Vietnam as the 'anti-American War'). The war continued even after the
Paris Peace Accords on
January 27,
1973, which formally recognized the sovereignty of both sides.
Image:Bandoc.jpg Cao Bang thumb|right|299px|The Bản Giốc Falls in [[Cao Bang|Cao Bằng, North Vietnam.html" title="Meaning of Cao Bằng.html" title="Meaning of thumb|right|299px|The Bản Giốc Falls in [[Cao Bang|Cao Bằng">thumb|right|299px|The Bản Giốc Falls in [[Cao Bang|Cao Bằng, North Vietnam">Cao Bằng.html" title="Meaning of thumb|right|299px|The Bản Giốc Falls in [[Cao Bang|Cao Bằng">thumb|right|299px|The Bản Giốc Falls in [[Cao Bang|Cao Bằng, North Vietnam
All American troops were withdrawn by
March 29,
1973. By
April 30,
1975,
North Vietnam had overtaken South Vietnam and by
1976, Vietnam was officially unified under the North Vietnamese government as The ''Socialist Republic of Vietnam''.
After reunification, political and economic conditions deteriorated. Millions of South Vietnamese became
boat people over the next two decades. In late
1978, the
Cambodian people, with the support of the Vietnamese army, removed the
Khmer Rouge from power. Only one month later, however, partially in retaliation, China launched a short-lived incursion into Vietnam: the
Sino-Vietnamese War.
In
1986, the
Communist Party of Vietnam implemented
economic reforms known as ''
doi moi đổi mới'' (renovation). During much of the
1990s, economic growth was rapid, and Vietnam reintegrated into the international community. It re-established diplomatic relations with the United States in
1995, one year after the United States' trade embargo on Vietnam was repealed.
Politics
''Main article:
Politics of Vietnam''
The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is governed through a highly centralized system dominated by the
Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) (Ä?ảng Cá»™ng sản Việt Nam), which was formerly the Vietnamese Labor Party (
1951-
1976). The Socialist Republic of Vietnam exists today as a
communist state. From 2001 until now, Nong Duc Manh has been General Secretary of CPV. Senior
Politburo members (
Tran Duc Luong Trần Ä?ức LÆ°Æ¡ng,
Phan Van Khai Phan Văn Khải,
Nguyen Van An Nguyễn Văn An,
Nguyen Tan Dung Nguyễn Tấn Dũng,
Le Hong Anh Lê Hồng Anh,
Pham Van Tra Phạm Văn Trà and
Truong Quang Duoc TrÆ°Æ¡ng Quang Ä?ược) concurrently hold high positions in the Government and the National Assembly.
There are no legal opposition parties in Vietnam, although a number of opposition groups do exist scattered overseas among
exile communities within countries such as France and the United States. These communities have supported demonstrations and civil disobedience against the government. The most prominent are the
Vietnamese Constitutional Monarchist League, and the
Government of Free Vietnam. The Government of Free Vietnam has claimed responsibility for a number of
guerrilla raids into Vietnam, which the Vietnamese government has denounced as
terrorism.
Former political parties include the nationalist
Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang Việt Nam Quốc Dân Ä?ảng of
Nguyen Thai Hoc Nguyễn Thái H�c, the Can Lao party of the
Ngo Dinh Diem Ngô Ä?ình Diệm government and the Viet Nam Duy Tan Hoi of
Phan Boi Chau Phan Bội Châu during the colonial period.
Vietnam is a member of the
United Nations,
La Francophonie,
ASEAN, and
APEC, and applied for membership to the
World Trade Organization in
2001. In 2005 it attended the inaugural
East Asia Summit.
Provinces
''Main article:
Provinces of Vietnam''
Vietnam's capital is
Hanoi. There are also four municipalities existing at provincial level:
Can Tho,
Da Nang,
Hai Phong, and
Ho Chi Minh City (Thà nh phố Hồ Chà Minh). Ho Chi Minh City was formerly known as Saigon. The remainder of Vietnam consists of 59 provinces (see main article for more information).
Image:HCMC_View.jpg thumb|200px|Ho Chi Minh City, the largest municipal area in Vietnam
Geography
Image:Vm-map.png thumb|Map of Vietnam
''Main article:
Geography of Vietnam''
The country is approximately 331,688 square kilometres (128,066
Square mile mi²) in area, which is slightly larger than
New Mexico and slightly smaller than
Germany. The topography consists of hills and densely forested mountains, with level land covering no more than 20 percent. Mountains account for 40 percent, hills 40 percent and forests 75 percent. The northern part of the country consists of highlands and the
Red River (Vietnam) Red River Delta.
Fan Si Pan Phan Xi Păng, located in
Lao Cai province LÃ o Cai province, is the highest mountain in Vietnam at 3,143 metres (10,312
foot (unit of length) ft). The south is divided into coastal lowlands,
Dai Truong Son (central mountains) with high
plateaus, and the
Mekong River Delta.
The climate is
tropical and
monsoonal;
humidity averages 84 percent throughout the year. Annual rainfall ranges from 120 to 300 centimetres (47 to 118
inch in), and annual temperatures vary between 5°C (41°
Fahrenheit F) and 37°C (99°
Fahrenheit F).
Land boundaries: Total: 4,639 km (2,883
mile mi)
Border countries: Cambodia 1,228 km (763 mi), China 1,281 km (796
mile mi), Laos 2,130 km (1,324 mi)
Economy
''Main article:
Economy of Vietnam''
In 1986, the Sixth Party Congress of the
Communist Party of Vietnam formally abandoned
Marxist planned economy economic planning and began introducing
market economy market elements as part of a broad economic reform package called "
doi moi đổi mới" ("Renovation").
In many ways, this followed
Socialism with Chinese characteristics the Chinese model and achieved similar results. On one hand, Vietnam achieved around 8% annual
Gross domestic product GDP growth from
1990 to
1997 and continued at around 7% from
2000 to
2002, making it the world's second-fastest growing economy. Simultaneously,
investment grew three-fold and
savings domestic savings quintupled.
On the other hand, urban
unemployment has been rising steadily in recent years due to high numbers of migration from the countryside to the cities, and rural unemployment, estimated to be up to 35% during non-harvest periods, is already at critical levels. Layoffs in the state sector and foreign-invested enterprises combined with the lasting effects of a previous
military demobilization further exacerbated the unemployment situation. The country is attempting to become a member of the
World Trade Organization WTO. Vietnam, however, is still a relatively poor country with GDP of US$43 billion (est.,
2004). This translates to US$2700 per capita. Inflation rate is estimated at 14% per year in 2004. This figure has been scaled down by the Government to 9.5% per annum to avoid the ‘double digit’ classification.
The spending power of the public has noticeably increased. The reason lies in the high property prices. In
Hanoi, the capital, property prices can be as high as those in
Tokyo or
New York City. This has amazed many people because GDP per capita of this city is around US$1,000 per annum. The booming prices have given poor land owners the opportunity to sell their homes for inflated prices. Corruption, bribery and embezzlement committed by many government officials have pushed property prices even higher, as real estate investment is a popular form of
money laundering.{{cite needed}}
Tourism has become an increasingly important industry in Vietnam. Many of the over 3 million annual visitors are Vietnam War
veterans.
Demographics
Image:haiphongviet777.jpg Haiphong.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|Street scene in [[Haiphong.html" title="Meaning of Street scene in [[Haiphong">thumb|Street scene in [[Haiphong">Street scene in [[Haiphong">thumb|Street scene in [[Haiphong
''Main article:
Demographics of Vietnam''
According to official figures from the
1999 census, of Vietnam's then population of 76.3m, the largest of 54 government recognized ethnic groups of Vietnam were:
# Viet/Kinh: 65.8 million (86.21%)
# Tay people TÃ y: 1.48 million (1.94%)
# Thai Thái: 1.33 million (1.74%)
# Muong {{IPA|MÆ°á»?ng}}: 1.14 million (1.49%)
# Khmer Krom Khmer: 1.06 million (1.38%)
# Hoa: 0.862 million (1.13%)
# Nung people: 0.856 million (1.12%)
# Hmong people Hmong: 0.787 million (1.03%)
The majority
Vietnamese people ethnic Vietnamese, also called ''Viet'' or ''Kinh'', make up about 86 percent of the nation's population. They are concentrated largely in the
alluvial fans alluvial deltas and in the coastal plains. A homogenous social group, the Viet exert influence on national life through their control of political and economic affairs and their role as purveyors of the dominant culture. By contrast, the ethnic minorities, except for the
Khmer Krom Khơ-me Crôm (Khmer Krom) and the
Hoa (ethnic
Han Chinese), are found mostly in the highlands that cover two-thirds of the national territory.
The MÆ°á»?ng live in the mountains of north central Vietnam and speak a
Mon-Khmer language closely
related to the Vietnamese language.
The
Tay people TÃ y people live primarily in the mountains and foothills of northern Vietnam. Their language is a member of the
Tai languages, belonging to the Central Tai subgroup and closely related to the
Zhuang language of southern China.
The Khơ-me Crôm live in the fertile
Mekong Delta delta of the
Mekong River in southern Vietnam and are ethnically the same as the
Khmer people who make up the majority of the population of
Cambodia.
The Hoa (ethnic Han Chinese) are mainly lowlanders and, more specifically, urban dwellers. They speak predominantly
Cantonese language Cantonese (known to the Vietnamese as Quảng Ä?ông), but there are also speakers of
Hakka (linguistics) Hakka (Khách Gia),
Min Nan/
Min Nan Hokkien/
Fujian (Mân Nam/Phúc Kiến),
Teochew (dialect) Chaozhou (Tri�u Châu), etc. Until the 1979 Vietnamese census, the Hoa were the largest minority of Vietnam. However, since the North Vietnamese took over South Vietnam in 1975 many Hoa left Vietnam, especially in the 1980s, so that at the 1999 census the Hoa were only the fifth largest minority (or the fourth largest if the Thái are not considered as a homogeneous ethnic group).
Beyond these five largest ethnic minorities, there are 48 other minorities officially recognized by the Vietnamese government, giving a total of 53 minorities altogether. Many of these 53 minority groups only have a few thousand members or so. Vietnam also has a small number of
Eurasian from the French colonisation and
Amerasian of American soldiers and personnels. Furthermore, There are also a few of those descended from
Indian or
Pakistan Pakistani settlers also during the colonial era. The biracial people, the products of Vietnam War, faced discrimination very much in Vietnam [often referred to as "Children of the Dust"; many have been migrated to the United States where, due to a lack of education in Vietnam due to discrimination because of their racial mix, assume low paying occupations and live at the subsistence level in the United States; most were migrated as adults and not as children].{{fact}}
Officially, the ethnic minorities are referred to as "national minorities". The French used the name
Montagnard (plural Montagnards, meaning "mountain people") to refer to all the minorities (except the Khơ-me Crôm and the Hoa), no matter what their actual language. The name Montagnard is still sometimes used today. Sometimes, the name Montagnard is used specifically for the {{IPA|Mư�ng}} ethnic group.
Religion
{{Main|Religion in Vietnam}}
Image:Perfpag.jpg Perfume Pagoda.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|199px|On the way to the ''[[Perfume Pagoda'' outside Hanoi.html" title="Meaning of 199px|On the way to the ''[[Perfume Pagoda">thumb|199px|On the way to the ''[[Perfume Pagoda'' outside Hanoi">199px|On the way to the ''[[Perfume Pagoda">thumb|199px|On the way to the ''[[Perfume Pagoda'' outside Hanoi
According to the 1999 Socialist Republic of Vietnam's census numbers, eighty percent of Vietnamese subscribe to no religion. But according to the majority of other
Demographics of Vietnam sources{{cite needed}}, Vietnamese people are predominantly
Confucian and
Mahayana Buddhist (esp. Mainstream
Pure Land schools and
Zen-inspired syncretists); with a sizeable
Roman Catholic following,
Protestant,
Cao Dai Cao Ä?Ã i, and
Hoa Hao minorities. The largest Protestant churches are the
Evangelical Church of Vietnam and the
Montagnard Evangelical Church. Membership to
Sunni Islam Sunni and
Bashi Islam are usually accredited to the ethnic
Cham people Cham minority, but there are also a few ethnic Vietnamese adherents to Islam in the southwest.
According to the 1999 census, 80.8% had no religion, 9.3% were
buddhist, 6.7% were
catholic, 1.5% were
Hoa Hao, and 1.1% were
Cao Dai. The government persecute minorities who are christians.
Languages
According to official figures, 86.2% of the population speak
Vietnamese language Vietnamese as a native language.
Various other languages are spoken by the several minority groups in Vietnam. The most spoken languages are:
Tay language TÃ y (1.5 million),
Muong language MÆ°á»?ng (1.2 million),
Khmer language Khmer (1.05 million),
Cantonese language Cantonese (870,000, this figure also includes speakers of other Chinese dialects),
Nùng language Nùng (860,000),
Hmong language H'Mông (790,000), and
Tai Dam (700,000).
French, a legacy of colonial rule, is still spoken by some older Vietnamese as a second language but is losing its popularity.
Russian language Russian- and to a much lesser extent
Czech language Czech or
Polish language Polish- is often known among "
baby-boomers" whose families had ties with the
Soviet bloc. In recent years,
English language English became the most popular foreign language, and is an obligatory course in most schools.
Culture
''Main article:
Culture of Vietnam''
In its early history, Vietnamese writing used
Chinese characters. In the
16th century 16th century, the Vietnamese developed their own set of characters called
Chu Nom Chữ nôm. The celebrated epic ''
The Tale of Kieu Ä?oạn trÆ°á»?ng tân thanh'' (''Truyện Kiá»?u'' or ''The Tale of Kieu'') by
Nguyen Du Nguyễn Du was written in Chữ nôm. During the French colonial period,
Quoc Ngu Quốc ngữ, the romanised Vietnamese alphabet representation of spoken Vietnamese which was a collective fruit of several Portuguese missionaries, became popular and brought literacy to the masses. The Vietnamese language and remains heavily influenced by the French (Such as the Vietnamese show 'Paris by Night').
Due to Vietnam's long association with China, Vietnamese culture remains strongly Confucian with its emphasis on familial duty. Education is highly valued. Historically, passing the imperial
Mandarin (bureaucrat) Mandarin exams was the only means for Vietnamese people to socially advance themselves.
Vietnam's traditional uniform called "''Ã?o DÃ i''" is worn in special occasions such as weddings or Lunar New Year celebration or festivals. Ã?o DÃ i was once worn by both genders but is worn mainly by female today.
Vietnamese names often follow the form: Last Name - Middle Name - First Name (ex: Nguyễn Văn Anh). As with the world, children take the last name of their father.
Vietnam's cuisine and music have three distinct flavours, related to Vietnam's three regions: ''Bắc'' or North, ''Trung'' or Central, and ''Nam'' or South. Northern classical music is Vietnam's oldest and is traditionally more formal. Vietnamese classical music can be traced to the Mongol invasions, when the Vietnamese captured a Chinese
opera troupe. Central classical music shows the influences of Champa culture with its melancholic melodies. Southern music exudes a lively
laissez faire attitude. Vietnamese cuisine is based on
rice,
soy sauce,
tendon, and
fish sauce. Its characteristic flavour is sweet (sugar), spicy (serrano peppers), and flavoured by a variety of mints and coffie beans.
See Also:
*
Cuisine of Vietnam
*
Music of Vietnam
*
List of ethnic groups in Vietnam
See also
*
Communications in Vietnam
*
Foreign relations of Vietnam
*
Holidays in Vietnam
*
List of Vietnam-related topics
*
List of Vietnamese companies
*
Military of Vietnam
*
Transportation in Vietnam
References
{{unsourced}}
Further reading
{{sisterlinks|Vietnam}}
Government
-
Government of Vietnam (in Vietnamese)
-
Communist Party of Vietnam
-
National Assembly: The Vietnamese legislative body
-
General Statistics Office
-
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
*
-
Information about Vietnam
-
Ministry of Planning and Investment
Media
-
Voice of Vietnam: State radio broadcaster
-
VTV: State television broadcaster
-
Vietnam News Agency: Official state news agency
-
Tuoi Tre (''Youth''): daily newspaper with highest circulation (in Vietnamese)
-
Vietnam Net: Largest Vietnamese portal
-
VnExpress: Popular online newspaper
-
Nhan Dan (''
Nhan Dan The People)'': Official Communist Party mouthpiece
Others
-
Vietnam Photography: More than 15.000 photos of Vietnam
-
Living in Vietnam: Expat and Travel guide
-
Photos of Vietnam
-
Vietnam Travel Guide
-
Articles/Photos of Vietnam
-
Travel to Vietnam
Footnotes
{{Southeast Asia}}
{{Asia}}
Category:ASEAN member states
Category:Communist states
Category:Southeast Asian countries
Category:Vietnam
{{Link FA|de}}
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{| align="center" class="toccolours"
! align="center" style="background:#ccccff" width="100%" |
Vietnam !!
Image:Flag of Vietnam.svg 54px|Flag of Vietnam
|- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;"
| colspan="2" | '''
Provinces_of_Vietnam#Regions Regions of Vietnam'''
Tay Bac Northwest |
Dong Bac Northeast |
Dong Bang Song Hong Red River Delta |
Bac Trung Bo North Central Coast |
Nam Trung Bo South Central Coast |
Tay Nguyen Central Highlands |
Dong Nam Bo Southeast |
Dong Bang Song Cuu Long Mekong River Delta
|- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;"
| colspan="2" | '''
List of cities in Vietnam Province-level cities'''
Can Tho Cần Thơ |
Da Nang Ä?à Nẵng |
Haiphong Hải Phòng |
Hanoi HÃ Ná»™i |
Ho Chi Minh City Hồ Chà Minh City
|- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;"
| colspan="2" | '''
Provinces of Vietnam Provinces'''
An Giang Province An Giang |
Bac Giang Province Bắc Giang |
Bac Kan Province Bắc Cạn |
Bac Lieu Province Bạc Liêu |
Bac Ninh Province Bắc Ninh |
Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province BÃ Rịa-Vũng TÃ u |
Ben Tre Province Bến Tre |
Binh Dinh Province Bình Định |
Binh Duong Province Bình Dương |
Binh Phuoc Province Bình Phước |
Binh Thuan Province Bình Thuận |
Ca Mau Province CÃ Mau |
Cao Bang Province Cao Bằng |
Dak Lak Province Đắk Lắk |
Dak Nong Province Đắk Nông |
Dien Bien Province Điện Biên |
Dong Nai Province Đồng Nai |
Dong Thap Province Đồng Tháp |
Gia Lai Province Gia Lai |
Ha Giang Province HÃ Giang |
Hai Duong Province Hải Dương |
Ha Nam Province HÃ Nam |
Ha Tay Province Hà Tây |
Ha Tinh Province HÃ Tĩnh |
Hoa Binh Province Hòa Bình |
Hau Giang Province Hậu Giang |
Hung Yen Province Hưng Yên |
Khanh Hoa Province Khánh Hòa |
Kien Giang Province Kiên Giang |
Kon Tum Province Kon Tum |
Lai Chau Province Lai Châu |
Lam Dong Province Lâm Đồng |
Lang Son Province Lạng Sơn |
Lao Cai Province LÃ o Cai |
Long An Province Long An |
Nam Dinh Province Nam Định |
Nghe An Province Nghệ An |
Ninh Binh Province Ninh Bình |
Ninh Thuan Province Ninh Thuận |
Phu Tho Province Phú Thọ |
Phu Yen Province Phú Yên |
Quang Binh Province Quảng Bình |
Quang Nam Province Quảng Nam |
Quang Ngai Province Quảng Ngãi |
Quang Ninh Province Quảng Ninh |
Quang Tri Province Quảng Trị |
Soc Trang Province Sóc Trăng |
Son La Province Sơn La |
Tay Ninh Province Tây Ninh |
Thai Binh Province Thái Bình |
Thai Nguyen Province Thái Nguyên |
Thanh Hoa Province Thanh Hóa |
Thua Thien-Hue Province Thừa Thiên-Huế |
Tien Giang Province Tiền Giang |
Tra Vinh Province Trà Vinh |
Tuyen Quang Province Tuyên Quang |
Vinh Long Province Vĩnh Long |
Vinh Phuc Province Vĩnh Phúc |
Yen Bai Province Yên Bái
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