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ZEUS
*** Shopping-Tip: ZEUS
see
Zeus
{{otheruses}}
Image:Statue_of_Zeus.jpg Olympia, Greece thumb|300px|'''Statue of Zeus'''
Phidias created the 12-m (40-ft) tall statue of Zeus at [[Olympia, Greece|Olympia about 435 BC. The statue was perhaps the most famous sculpture in ancient Greece, imagined here in a 16th-century engraving..html" title="Meaning of Olympia.html" title="Meaning of thumb|300px|'''Statue of Zeus'''
Phidias created the 12-m (40-ft) tall statue of Zeus at [[Olympia, Greece|Olympia">thumb|300px|'''Statue of Zeus'''
Phidias created the 12-m (40-ft) tall statue of Zeus at [[Olympia, Greece|Olympia about 435 BC. The statue was perhaps the most famous sculpture in ancient Greece, imagined here in a 16th-century engraving.">Olympia.html" title="Meaning of thumb|300px|'''Statue of Zeus'''
Phidias created the 12-m (40-ft) tall statue of Zeus at [[Olympia, Greece|Olympia">thumb|300px|'''Statue of Zeus'''
Phidias created the 12-m (40-ft) tall statue of Zeus at [[Olympia, Greece|Olympia about 435 BC. The statue was perhaps the most famous sculpture in ancient Greece, imagined here in a 16th-century engraving.
'''Zeús''' or '''Dzeús''' (
Greek language Greek ΖεÏ?Ï‚) or '''Dias''' (Greek Δίας) ("divine king") is the leader of the gods and
deity god of the
sky and
thunder in
Greek mythology.
Jupiter (god) Jupiter in the
Roman mythology.
Cult of Zeus
Image:Bust of Zeus.jpg British Museum.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|right|Bust of Zeus in the [[British Museum.html" title="Meaning of right|Bust of Zeus in the [[British Museum">thumb|right|Bust of Zeus in the [[British Museum">right|Bust of Zeus in the [[British Museum">thumb|right|Bust of Zeus in the [[British Museum
Zeus is the continuation of *
Dyeus, the supreme god in
Indo-European religion, also continued as
Rig-Veda Vedic '''
Dyaus Pitar''' (cf.
Jupiter (god) Jupiter), and as
Tyr (''Ziu'', ''Tiw'', *''Tiwaz'') in
Germanic mythology Germanic and
Norse mythology. Tyr was however supplanted by
Odin as the supreme god among the
Germanic tribes and they did not identify Zeus/Jupiter with either Tyr or Odin, but with
Thor. Zeus is the only deity in the Olympic pantheon whose names has such a transparent Indo-European etymology, the "
Sky Father" (Burkert 1985, p 321).
In addition to his Indo-European inheritance, the classical Zeus also derives certain iconographic traits from the cultures of the
ancient Near East, such as the
scepter. Zeus is envisaged by Greek artists especially in two poses: standing, striding forward a thunderbolt levelled in his raised right hand and seated in majesty.
Role and epithets
Zeus played a dominant role, presiding over the
Ancient Greece Greek Olympic pantheon . He fathered many of the heroes and heroines (see list at bottom of article) and was featured in many of their stories. Though the Homeric "cloud gatherer" was the god of the sky and thunder like his Near Eastern cognates, he was also the most supreme
culture cultural artifact; in some senses, he was the embodiment of Greek
religion religious beliefs and the
archetype archetypal Greek deity.
The
epithets or titles applied to Zeus emphasized different aspects of his wide-ranging authority:
*'''Olympios''' emphasized Zeus's kingship over both the gods and the Panhellenic festival at
Olympia, Greece Olympia.
* A related title was '''Panhellenios''', ('Zeus of all the Hellenes') to whom
Aeacus' famous temple on
Aegina was dedicated.
*As '''Xenios''', Zeus was the patron of hospitality and guests, ready to avenge any wrong done to a stranger.
*As '''Horkios''', he was the keeper of oaths. Liars who were exposed were made to dedicate a
sculpture statue to Zeus, often at the sanctuary of Olympia.
*As '''Agoraios''', Zeus watched over business at the
agora, and punished dishonest traders.
Panhellenic cults of Zeus
The major center at which all Greeks converged to pay honor to their chief god was
Olympia, Greece Olympia. The quadrennial festival there featured the famous Games. There was also an altar to Zeus made not of stone, but of ash - from the accumulated remains of many centuries' worth of animal victims immolated there.
Outside of the major inter-
polis sanctuaries, there were certain modes of worshipping Zeus that were shared across the Greek world. Most of the above titles, for instance, could be found at any number of
Greek temples from
Asia Minor to
Sicily. Certain modes of ritual were held in common as well: sacrificing a white animal over a raised altar, for instance.
On the other hand, certain cities had Zeus-cults that operated in markedly different ways.
Some local Zeus-cults
In addition to the Panhellenic titles and conceptions listed above, local cults maintained their own idiosyncratic ideas about the king of gods and men. A few examples are listed below.
=Cretan Zeus
=
On
Crete, Zeus was worshipped at a number of caves at
Knossos,
Ida and
Palaikastro. The stories of
Minos and
Epimenides suggest that these caves were once used for
incubation incubatory divination by kings and priests. The dramatic setting of
Plato's ''Laws'' is along the pilgrimage-route to one such site, emphasizing archaic Cretan knowledge. On Crete, Zeus was represented in art as a long-haired youth rather than a mature adult, and hymned as ''ho megas kouros'' "the great youth". With the
Kouretes, a band of ecstatic armed dancers, he presided over the rigorous military-athletic training and secret rites of the Cretan
paideia.
The Hellenistic writer
Euhemerus apparently proposed a theory that Zeus had actually been a great king of
Crete and that posthumously his glory had slowly turned him into a deity. The works of Euhemerism have not survived, but Christian patristic writers took up the suggestion with enthusiasm.
=Zeus Lykaios in Arcadia
=
The title ''Lykaios'' is morphologically connected to ''lyke'' "brightness", and yet it ''looks'' a lot like ''lykos'' "wolf". This semantic ambiguity is reflected in the strange cult of Zeus Lykaios in the backwoods of
Arcadia, where the god takes on both lucent and lupine features. On the one hand, he presides over Mount Lykaion ("the bright mountain") the tallest peak in Arcadia, and home to a precinct in which, allegedly, no shadows were ever cast (
Pausanias (geographer) Pausanias 8.38). On the other hand, he is connected with
Lycaon ("the wolf-man") whose ancient cannibalism was commemorated with bizarre, recurring rites. According to
Plato (''Republic'' 565d-e), a particular clan would gather on the mountain to make a sacrifice every eight years to Zeus Lykaios, and a single morsel of human entrails would be intermingled with the animal's. Whoever ate the human flesh was said to turn into a wolf, and could only regain human form if he did not eat again of human flesh until the next eight-year cycle had ended.
=Subterranean Zeus
=
Although etymology indicates that Zeus was originally a sky god, many Greek cities honored a local Zeus, who lived underground. Athenians and Sicilians honored Zeus ''Meilichios'' ("kindly" or "honeyed") while other cities had Zeus ''Chthonios'' ("earthy"), ''Katachthonios'' ("under-the-earth) and ''Plousios'' ("wealth-bringing"). These deities might be represented indifferently as snakes or men in visual art. They also received offerings of black animal victims sacrificed into sunken pits, as did
chthonic deities like
Persephone and
Demeter, and also the
heroes at their tombs. Olympian gods, by contrast, usually received white victims sacrificed upon raised altars.
In some cases, cities were not entirely sure whether the ''daimon'' to whom they sacrificed was a hero or an underground Zeus. Thus the shrine at Lebadaea in
Boeotia might belong to the hero
Trophonius or to Zeus ''Trephonius'' ("the nurturing"), depending on whether you believe
Pausanias (geographer) Pausanias or
Strabo. The hero
Amphiaraus was honored as ''Zeus Amphiaraus'' at Oropus outside of
Thebes, Greece Thebes, and the Spartans even had a shrine to ''Zeus
Agamemnon''.
Oracles of Zeus
Although most oracle sites were usually dedicated to
Apollo, the
heroes, or various
goddess goddesses like
Themis, a few oracular sites were dedicated to Zeus.
=The Oracle at Dodona
=
The cult of Zeus at
Dodona in
Epirus (region) Epirus, where there is evidence of religious activity from the
2nd millennium BC onward, centered around a sacred oak. When the
Odyssey was composed (circa
750s BC 750 BC), divination was done there by barefoot priests called ''Selloi'', who lay on the ground and observed the rustling of the leaves and branches (''Odyssey'' 14.326-7). By the time
Herodotus wrote about Dodona, female priestesses called
peleiades ("doves") had replaced the male priests.
Zeus' consort at Dodona was not
Hera, but the goddess
Dione (mythology) Dione — whose name is a feminine form of "Zeus". Her status as a
Titan (mythology) titaness suggests to some that she may have been a more powerful pre-Hellenic deity, and perhaps the original occupant of the oracle.
=The Oracle at Siwa
=
The oracle of
Ammon at the
Siwa Oasis oasis of Siwa in the Western Desert of
Egypt did not lie within the bounds of the Greek world before
Alexander the Great Alexander's day, but it already loomed large in the Greek mind during the archaic era:
Herodotus mentions consultations with Zeus Ammon in his account of the
Greco-Persian Wars Persian War. Zeus Ammon was especially favored at
Sparta, where a temple to him existed by the time of the
Peloponnesian War (Pausanias 3.18).
After Alexander made a trek into the desert to consult the oracle at Siwa, the figure arose of a
Libyan Sibyl.
=Other oracles of Zeus
=
The chthonic Zeuses (or heroes)
Trophonius and
Amphiaraus were both said to give oracles at the cult-sites.
Zeus and foreign gods
Zeus was equivalent to the
Roman mythology Roman god
Jupiter (god) Jupiter (from '''Jovis Pater''' or "Father '''Jove'''") and associated in the syncretic classical imagination (see ''
interpretatio graeca'') with various other deities, such as the
Egyptian mythology Egyptian Ammon and the
Etruscan mythology Etruscan Tinia. He (along with
Dionysus) absorbed the role of the chief
Phrygia Phrygian god
Sabazios in the
Syncretism syncretic deity known in Rome as
Sabazius.
Zeus in myth
Image:The Chariot of Zeus - Project Gutenberg eText 14994.png thumbnail|250px|right|The Chariot of Zeus, from an 1879 ''Stories from the Greek Tragedians'' by Alfred Church
= Birth
=
Cronus sired several children by
Rhea (mythology) Rhea:
Hestia,
Demeter,
Hera,
Hades,and
Poseidon, but swallowed them all as soon as they were born, since he had learned from
Gaia (mythology) Gaia and
Uranus (god) Uranus that he was destined to be overcome by his own son as he had overthrown his own father— an oracle that Zeus was to hear and avert. But when Zeus was about to be born, Rhea sought Uranus and Gaia to devise a plan to save him, so that Cronus would get his retribution for his acts against Uranus and his own children. Rhea gave birth to Zeus in
Crete, handing Cronus a rock wrapped in swaddling clothes, which he promptly swallowed.
= Childhood
=
Rhea hid Zeus in a cave on
Mount Ida in Crete. According to varying versions of the story:
# He was then raised by
Gaia (mythology) Gaia.
# He was raised by a
goat named
Amalthea (mythology) Amalthea, while a company of
Kouretes— soldiers, or smaller gods— danced, shouted and clashed their spears against their shields so that Cronus would not hear the baby's cry. (See
cornucopia.)
# He was raised by a
nymph named
Adamanthea. Since Cronus ruled over the
Earth, the
heavens and the
sea, she hid him by dangling him on a
rope from a
tree so he was suspended between earth, sea and sky and thus, invisible to his father.
# He was raised by a
nymph named
Cynosura. In gratitude, Zeus
Catasterismi placed her among the stars.
# He was raised by
Melissa, who nursed him with
goats-milk
= Zeus becomes king of the gods
=
After reaching manhood, Zeus forced Cronus to disgorge the other children in reverse order of swallowing: first the stone, which was set down at
Pytho under the glens of
Parnassus to be a sign to mortal men, the
Omphalos, then the rest. In some versions,
Metis (mythology) Metis gave Cronus an
emetic to force him to disgorge the babies, or Zeus cut Cronus'
stomach open. Then Zeus released the brothers of Cronus, the
Gigantes, the
Hecatonchires and the
Cyclopes, from their dungeon in
Tartarus (The
Titans; he killed their guard,
Campe. As gratitude, the Cyclopes gave him
thunder and the thunderbolt, or
lightning, which had previously been hidden by Gaia.) Together, Zeus and his brothers and sisters, along with the Gigantes, Hecatonchires and Cyclopes overthrew Cronus and the other Titans, in the combat called the
Titanomachy. The defeated Titans were then cast into a shadowy underworld region known as Tartarus.
After the battle with the Titans, Zeus shared the world with his elder brothers,
Poseidon and
Hades, by drawing lots: Zeus got the sky and air, Poseidon the waters, and Hades the world of the dead (the underworld). The ancient Earth,
Gaia, could not be claimed; she was left to all three, each according to their capabilities, which explains why Poseidon was the "earth-shaker" (the god of earthquakes) and Hades claimed the humans that died. (See also:
Penthus)
Gaia resented the way Zeus had treated the Titans, because they were her children. Soon after taking the throne as king of the gods, Zeus had to fight some of Gaia's other children, the
monsters
Typhon and
Echidna (mythology) Echidna. He vanquished Typhon and trapped him under a mountain, but left Echidna and her children alive as challenges for future
heroes.
= Zeus and Hera
=
Zeus was brother and consort of
Hera. The only issue of their union was
Ares, though Hera produced other offspring of her own:
Hephaestus Hephaistos,
Ilithyia Eileithyia,
Hebe (mythology) Hebe. The conquests of Zeus among
nymphs and the mythic mortal progenitors of
Greeks Hellenic dynasties are famous. Olympian mythography even credits him with unions with
Demeter,
Latona,
Dione (mythology) Dione and
Maia.
Among the mortals:
Semele,
Io (mythology) Io,
Europa (mythology) Europa and
Leda (mythology) Leda. (For more details, see below).
Mythic anecdote renders Hera as jealous of his amorous conquests and a consistent enemy of Zeus' mistresses and their children by him. For a time, a
nymph named
Echo (mythology) Echo had the job of distracting Hera from his affairs by incessantly talking: when Hera discovered the deception, she cursed Echo to repeat the words of others.
Consorts and children
=Deific mother
=
{|border="0"
|Mother
|Children
|-
|
Ananke (mythology) Ananke
|
#
Adrasteia
#
Moirae
##
Atropos
##
Clotho
##
Lachesis
|-
|
Demeter
|
#
Dionysus
#
Persephone
|-
|
Dione (mythology) Dione
|
Aphrodite
|-
|
Hera
|
#
Ares
#
Eileithyia
#
Hephaestus
#
Hebe (mythology) Hebe
|-
|
Eris
|
Ate
|-
|
Leto
|
#
Apollo
#
Artemis
|-
|
Maia
|
Hermes
|-
|
Metis (mythology) Metis
|
Athena
|-
|
Mnemosyne
|
#
Muses (Original three)
##
Aoide
##
Melete
##
Mneme
#
Muses (Later nine)
##
Calliope
##
Clio
##
Erato
##
Euterpe (mythology) Euterpe
##
Melpomene
##
Polyhymnia
##
Terpsichore
##
Thalia
##
Urania
|-
|
Selene
|
#
Ersa
#
Nemea
#
Pandia
|-
|
Thalassa
|
Aphrodite
|-
|
Themis
|
#
Astraea
#
Dike (goddess) Dike
#
Horae
## First Generation
###
Auxo
###
Carpo
###
Thallo
## Second Generation
###
Dike (goddess) Dike
###
Eirene
###
Eunomia
#
Moirae
##
Atropos
##
Clotho
##
Lachesis
|}
=Mortal/nymph/other mother
=
{|border="0"
|Mother
|Children
|-
|
Aegina (mythology) Aegina
|
Aeacus
|-
|
Alcmene
|
Heracles
|-
|
Antiope (mother of Amphion) Antiope
|
#
Amphion
#
Zethus
|-
|
Callisto the Greek myth Callisto
|
Arcas
|-
|
Carme (mythology) Carme
|
Britomartis
|-
|
Danae
|
Perseus (mythology) Perseus
|-
|
Elara (mythology) Elara
|
Tityas
|-
|
Electra
|
#
Dardanus
#
Harmonia (Greek_goddess) Harmonia
#
Iasion
|-
|
Europa (mythology) Europa
|
#
Minos
#
Rhadamanthys
#
Sarpedon
|-
|
Eurynome
|
Charites
#
Aglaea
#
Euphrosyne
#
Thalia
|-
|
Himalia
|
Cronius
|-
|
Iodame
|
Thebe (mythology) Thebe
|-
|
Io (mythology) Io
|
Epaphus
|-
|
Lamia
| ???
|-
|
Laodamia
|
Sarpedon
|-
|
Leda (mythology) Leda
|
#
Castor and Polydeuces Polydeuces
#
Helen of Troy
|-
|
Maera
|
Locrus
|-
|
Niobe
|
#
Argos
#
Pelasgus
|-
|
Olympias
|
Alexander the Great
|-
|
Plouto
|
Tantalus
|-
|
Podarge
|
#
Balius
#
Xanthus
|-
|
Pyrrha
|
Hellen
|-
|
Semele
|
Dionysus
|-
|
Taygete
|
Lacedaemon
|-
|
Thalia
|
Palici
|-
| Male lover (non-Homeric)
|
Ganymede (mythology) Ganymede
|-
| Unknown mother
|
Litae
|-
| Unknown mother
|
Nemesis (mythology) Nemesis
|-
| Unknown mother
|
Tyche
|}
Zeus miscellany
*Though Zeus could be petty and malicious, he also had a righteous element, perhaps best exemplified in his aid on behalf of
Atreus and his murder of
Capaneus for unbridled arrogance. He was also the protector of strangers and travelers against those who might seek to victimize them.
*Zeus turned
Pandareus to stone for stealing a
bronze dog from one of his
temples on
Crete.
*Zeus killed
Salmoneus with a thunderbolt for attempting to equal him, riding around on a
bronze chariot and loudly imitating
thunder.
*As a child, Zeus had a friend named
Celmis. Many years later, Rhea became offended by the antics of Celmis and asked Zeus to turn him into a lump of
steel or
diamond. Zeus obliged.
*Zeus turned
Periphas into an
eagle after his
death, as a reward for being righteous and just.
*At the marriage of Zeus and Hera, a nymph named
Chelone was disrespectful (or refused to attend). Zeus condemned her to eternal silence.
*When
Memnon died, Zeus felt pity for his mother,
Eos, the
dawn-
goddess, and granted him
immortality.
*Zeus made the decision to
marriage marry Aphrodite off to
Hephaestus in order to prevent violence over her between the many gods who lusted after the goddess of beauty.
*Zeus, with Hera, turned King
Haemus and Queen
Rhodope into
mountains (the
Balkan mountains, or Stara Planina, and
Rhodope mountains, respectively) for their vanity.
*Zeus exchanged a
caduceus for the first
flute with
Hermes.
*Zeus (other accounts say
Cybele,
Hera or
Aphrodites) turned
Atalanta and
Hippomenes (or
Melanion) into
lions because they had sex in one of his temples.
*Zeus blinded
Tiresias but also gave him the gift of
prophecy (though according to some versions of the story, it was actually Hera who did the blinding).
*Zeus punished
Hera by dangling her by her toes from the sky.
The Twelve Olympians
{| class="wikitable" style="border:1px; border: thin solid gold; background-color:#f7f8ff" align=center cellpadding="7"
|-align="center" bgcolor="#e6e9ff"
!width="200"|Greek name!!width="150"|English name!!width="450"|Description
|-
| ἈφÏ?οδίτη ||
Aphrodite || Goddess of beauty and love.
|-
| Απόλλων (''ApóllÅ?n'') ||
Apollo || God of the light, music, healing, prophecy, and poetry.
|-
| ἈÏ?ης ||
Ares || God of war.
|-
| ἈÏ?τεμις ||
Artemis || Goddess of the hunt and the moon.
|-
| Ἀθηνᾶ ||
Athena || Goddess of wisdom and strategy in war.
|-
| ΔημητηÏ? ||
Demeter || Goddess of agriculture.
|-
| Ἡφαιστος (''Hepháistos'') ||
Hephaestus || God of fire and the forge.
|-
| á¼Ï?α ||
Hera || Goddess of marriage, wife of Zeus.
|-
| ʽἙÏ?μῆς ||
Hermes || God of travel, thieves, and commerce. Messenger of the gods.
|-
| Εστία ||
Hestia || Goddess of the
hearth. Eventually replaced by
Dionysus.
|-
| Ποσειδῶν ||
Poseidon || God of the sea.
|-
| ΖεÏ?Ï‚ ||
Zeus || King of the gods.
|}
Zeus in Neopaganism
Far from the role Zeus held in Ancient Mythology, and apart from Hellenic Neopagans (
Hellenismos) modern
Neopaganism Neopagans typically view Zeus as a governing figurehead and little more. Most neopagans reject ancient myths about Zeus. Zeus has relatively few worshippers in modern neopaganism, and (unlike his roles in Mythology) is seen as a god of governance and authority. Though many see Zeus as the ''King'' or ''Figurehead'' as ruler over the Olympians, they often consider him of lesser importance than the
Gaia and other popular Titan gods who are not believed to be bound to
Tartarus. The power and influence of Zeus is thought to pale in importance to
Hades and other gods more directly related to the afterlife. It is thought by many Neopagans, for example, that Hades holds far greater power than Zeus, and that his decisions and authority, particularly over the fate of mortals, often overshadows Zeus. Those sects that do include worship of Zeus often do so in passing, including him with other gods simply because of his relation in mythology. There is little relevance between actual mythology and modern perceptions of Zeus by most Neopagans. It could be argued that, by and large, modern Neopagan perceptions of Zeus are
New Age and not founded in any actual history or mythology.
Worship of Zeus sometimes includes the burning of oils, or more often a passing utterance of him as an authority of Olympus or husband of
Hera (a more popular deity in modern neopaganism). Modern, pagan worshippers of Zeus usually carry as necklace the
Labrys/Pelekys, the double-headed axe with which Zeus throws to bring storm. The Labrys is the Greek thundergod's lightning weapon.
Spoken-word myths - audio files
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|-
! style="background:#ffdead;" | Zeus Myths as told by story tellers
|-
|
Media:Zeus and Tantalus, with Poseidon and Pelops - wiki.ogg '''1. Zeus and Tantalus,''' (including Pelops and Poseidon episode), read by Timothy Carter
|-
|Bibliography of reconstruction:
Homer, ''Odyssey,'' 11.567 (7th c. BC);
Pindar, ''Olympian Odes,'' 1 (476 BC);
Euripides, ''
Orestes,'' 12-16 (408 BC);
Apollodorus, ''Epitomes'' 2: 1-9 (140 BC);
Ovid, ''Metamorphoses,'' VI: 213, 458 (AD 8);
Hyginus, ''Fables,'' 82: Tantalus; 83: Pelops (1st c. AD);
Pausanias (geographer) Pausanias, ''Description of Greece,'' 2.22.3 (AD 160 - 176)
|-
|
Media:02-Zeus and Ganymede 2qual.ogg '''2. Zeus and Ganymede,''' read by Timothy Carter
|-
|Bibliography of reconstruction:
Homer, ''Iliad'' 5.265ff; 20.215-235 (700 BC); Anonymous, ''Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite'' 202ff. (7th c. BC);
Sophocles, ''The Colchian Women'' (after
Athenaeus, 602) (b. 495 - d. 406 BC);
Euripides, ''Iphigenia in Aulis'' (410 BC);
Apollodorus, ''Library and Epitome'' iii.12.2 (140 BC);
Diodorus Siculus, ''Histories'' 4.75.3 (1st c. BC);
Virgil, ''Aeneid'' 5. 252 - 260 (19 BC);
Ovid, ''Metamorphoses'' 10.155ff. (AD 1 - 8);
Hyginus, ''Poetica Astronomica'' II.16 Eagle; II.29 Aquarius (2nd c. AD);
Lucian, ''Dialogues of the Gods'' (AD 170);
First Vatican Mythographer, 184 Ganymede;
Second Vatican Mythographer 198 Ganymede
|-
|}
References
*Burkert, Walter, (1977) 1985. ''Greek Religion'', especially section III.ii.1 (Harvard University Press)
*Cook, A.B. ''Zeus: A Study in Ancient Religion'' (3 volume set). New York, Bibilo & Tannen: 1964. [http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0006BMDNA ASIN B0006BMDNA] (no ISBN?)
**Volume 1: ''Zeus, God of the Bright Sky'', Biblo-Moser, June 1, 1964, ISBN 0819601489 (reprint)
**Volume 2: ''Zeus God of the Dark Sky (Thunder and Lightning)'', Biblo-Moser, June 1, 1964, ISBN 081960156X
**Volume 3: (unknown)
External links
{{commons|Zeus}}
-
Pictures of the Altar of Zeus and its meaning in Scripture
-
Carlos Parada's Greek Mythology Link
-
The myths of Zeus and Ganymede; and Zeus and Tantalus
-
Cult Of Zeus
-
The Loves Of Zeus
{{Greek myth (Olympian)2}}
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|style="text-align:justify; font-size: 95%"|'''NOTE''': Categorising a story as a myth does not necessarily imply that it is untrue.
Religion and mythology differ, but have overlapping aspects. Many English speakers understand the terms "myth" and "mythology" to mean ''fictitious'' or ''imaginary''. However, according to many dictionary definitions, these terms can also mean '''''a traditional story or narrative that embodies the belief or beliefs of a group of people''''', and this category should be understood in this sense only. The use of these terms in this category does '''not''' imply that any story so categorized is historically true or false or that any belief so embodied is itself either true or false.
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Category:Characters in the Iliad
Category:Mythological kings
Category:Greek gods
Category:Sky and weather gods
Category:Thunder gods
Category:Pederastic heroes and deities
{{Link FA|hu}}
als:Zeus
ar:زيوس
bn:জিউস
bs:Zeus
bg:ЗевÑ?
ca:Zeus
cs:Zeus
da:Zeus
de:Zeus
et:Zeus
el:Δίας (μυθολογία)
es:Zeus
eo:ZeÅso
eu:Zeus
fr:Zeus
gl:Zeus
ko:ì œìš°ìŠ¤
hi:ज़�यूस
hr:Zeus
id:Zeus
it:Zeus
he:×–×?וס
ka:ზევსი
la:Zeus
lv:Zevs
lt:Dzeusas
hu:Zeusz
mk:ЗевÑ?
nl:Zeus
ja:ゼウス
no:Zeus
nn:Zevs
pl:Zeus
pt:Zeus
ro:Zeus
ru:ЗевÑ?
simple:Zeus
sk:Zeus
sl:Zevs
sr:ЗевÑ?
sh:Zeus
fi:Zeus
sv:Zeus
tl:Zeus
vi:Zeus
tr:Zeus
uk:ЗевÑ?
zh:宙斯
see
Zeus (particle detector)
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