Pure biodiesel (B100) can be used in any petroleum diesel engine, though it is more commonly used in lower concentrations. Some areas have mandated ultra-low sulfur petrodiesel, which reduces the natural viscosity and lubricity of the fuel due to the removal of sulfur and certain other materials. Additives are required to make ULSD properly flow in engines, making biodiesel one popular alternative. Ranges as low as 2 % (B2) have been shown to restore lubricity. Many municipalities have started using 5 % biodiesel (B5) in snow-removal equipment and other systems. Since biodiesel is more often used in a blend with petroleum diesel, there are fewer formal studies about the effects on pure biodiesel in unmodified engines and vehicles in day-to-day use. Fuel meeting the standards and engine parts that can withstand the greater solvent properties of biodiesel is expected to--and in reported cases does--run without any additional problems than the use of petroleum diesel. The flash point of biodiesel (>150 °C) is significantly higher than that of petroleum diesel (64 °C) or gasoline (−45 °C). The gel point of biodiesel varies depending on the proportion of different types of esters contained. However, most biodiesel, including that made from soybean oil, has a somewhat higher gel and cloud point than petroleum diesel. In practice this often requires the heating of storage tanks, especially in cooler climates.

Production
''Main article:'' Biodiesel production Chemically, biodiesel comprises a mix of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids. The most common form uses methanol to produce methyl esters as it is the cheapest alcohol available, though ethanol can be used to produce an ethyl ester biodiesel and higher alcohols such as isopropanol and butanol have also been used. Using alcohols of higher molecular weights improves the cold flow properties of the resulting ester, at the cost of a less efficient transesterification reaction. A byproduct of the transesterification process is the production of glycerol. A lipid transesterification production process is used to convert the base oil to the desired esters. Any Free fatty acids (FFAs) in the base oil are either converted to soap and removed from the process, or they are esterified (yielding more biodiesel) using an acidic catalyst. After this processing, unlike straight vegetable oil, biodiesel has combustion properties very similar to those of petroleum diesel, and can replace it in most current uses.

Base oils
Image:Soybeanvarieties.jpg Soybean.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|right|[[Soybeans are used as a source of biodiesel.html" title="Meaning of right|thumb|right|[[Soybeans are used as a source of biodiesel">right|[[Soybean">thumb|right|[[Soybeans are used as a source of biodiesel A variety of biolipids can be used to produce biodiesel. These include: *Virgin oil feedstock; rapeseed and soybean oils are most commonly used, though other agriculture crops such as Mustard plant mustard, palm oil, hemp, jatropha, and even algaculture algae show promise; *Waste vegetable oil (WVO); *Animal fats including tallow, lard, yellow grease and as a byproduct from the production of Omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil. Worldwide production of vegetable oil and animal fat is not yet sufficient to replace liquid fossil fuel use. Furthermore, some environmental groups (notably the Natural Resources Defense Council), object to the vast amount of agriculture farming and the resulting over-fertilizer fertilization, pesticide use, and land use conversion that would be needed to produce the additional vegetable oil. Many advocates suggest that waste vegetable oil is the best source of oil to produce biodiesel. However, the available supply is drastically less than the amount of petroleum-based fuel that is burned for transportation and home heating in the world. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), restaurants in the US produce about 300 million US gallons (1,000,000 m³) of waste cooking oil annually.{{ref|www.epa.gov.808}} Although it is economically profitable to use WVO to produce biodiesel, it is even more profitable to convert WVO into other products such as soap. Hence, most WVO that is not dumped into landfills is used for these other purposes. Animal fats are similarly limited in supply, and it would not be efficient to raise animals simply for their fat. However, producing biodiesel with animal fat that would have otherwise been discarded could replace a small percentage of petroleum diesel usage. The estimated transportation fuel and home heating oil use in the United States is about 230,000 million US gallons (0.87 km³) (Briggs, 2004). Waste vegetable oil and animal fats would not be enough to meet this demand. In the United States, estimated production of vegetable oil for all uses is about 23,600 million pounds (10,700,000 t) or 3,000 million US gallons (11,000,000 m³)), and estimated production of animal fat is 11,638 million pounds (5,279,000 t). (Van Gerpen, 2004) For a truly renewable source of oil, crops or other similar cultivatable sources would have to be considered. Plants utilize photosynthesis to convert solar energy into chemical energy. It is this chemical energy that biodiesel stores and is released when it is burned. Therefore plants can offer a sustainable oil source for biodiesel production. Different plants produce usable oil at different rates. Some studies have shown the following annual production: *Soybean: 40 to 50 US gal/acre (35 to 45,000 L/km²) *Rapeseed: 110 to 145 US gal/acre (100 to 130,000 L/km²) *Mustard: 140 US gal/acre (130,000 L/km²) *Jatropha: 175 US gal/acre (160,000 L/km²) *Palm oil: 650 US gal/acre (580,000 L/km²) {{ref|www.journeytoforever.org.809}} *algaculture Algae: 10,000 to 20,000 US gal/acre (9,000,000 to 18,000,000 L/km²) There is ongoing research into finding more suitable crops and improving oil yield. Using the current yields, vast amounts of land and fresh water would be needed to produce enough oil to completely replace fossil fuel usage. It would require twice the land area of the US to be devoted to soybean production, or two-thirds to be devoted to rapeseed production, to meet current US heating and transportation needs. Soybeans are not a very efficient crop solely for the production of biodiesel, but their common use in the United States for food products has led to soybean biodiesel becoming the primary source for biodiesel in that country. Soybean producers have lobbied to increase awareness of soybean biodiesel, expanding the market for their product. In Europe, rapeseed is the most common base oil used in biodiesel production. In India and southeast Asia, the Jatropha tree is used as a significant fuel source, and it is also planted for watershed protection and other environmental restoration efforts. In Asia, the first country to launch biodiesel as a national program was Thailand when a national policy was announced on July 10th 2001. It was reported that the work was initiated by the Royal Chitralada Project, a royal -sponsored project to help rural farmers (www.royalchitralada.or.th). Progress has been made on several fronts, details available at www.ethanol-thailand.com, www.dede.go.th, www.navy.mi.th/dockyard/biodiesel.html). International co-operation among ASEAN country was also starting by the Renewablle Energy Inst of Thailand (Dr.Samai Jai-In) and Asia-Pacific Roundtable for Sustainable consumption and Production (Dr.Olivia Castillo, http://www.aprscp.org/news/chaircorner.htm). Malaysia and Indonesia are starting pilot-scale production from palm oil, but these projects have been criticized by some environmental advocates. Friends of the Earth has published a report asserting that clearance of forests for oil-palm plantations is threatening some of the last habitat of the orang-utan.{{ref|www.foe.co.uk.818}} Also, in a column for The Guardian, writer George Monbiot claimed that land clearance by cutting and burning large forest trees frees large amounts of carbon dioxide that is never reabsorbed by the smaller oil palms. If true, then biodiesel production from plantation-grown palm oil may be a net source of atmospheric carbon dioxide.{{ref|www.monbiot.com.819}} Specially bred mustard varieties can produce reasonably high oil yields, and have the added benefit that the meal leftover after the oil has been pressed out can act as an effective and biodegradable pesticide. The production of algaculture algae to harvest oil for biodiesel has not been undertaken on a commercial scale, but working feasibility studies have been conducted to arrive at the above yield estimate. In addition to a high yield, this solution does not compete with agriculture for food, requiring neither farmland nor fresh water.

Efficiency and economic arguments
According to a study written by Drs. Van Dyne and Raymer for the Tennessee Valley Authority, the average US farm consumes fuel at the rate of 82 litres per hectare (8.75 US gallons per acre) of land to produce one crop. However, average crops of rapeseed produce oil at an average rate of 1,029 L/ha (110 US gal/acre), and high-yield rapeseed fields produce about 1,356 L/ha (145 US gal/acre). The ratio of input to output in these cases is roughly 1:12.5 and 1:16.5. Photosynthesis is known to have an efficiency rate of about 16 % and if the entire mass of a crop is utilized for energy production, the overall efficiency of this chain is known to be about 1 %. This does not compare favorably to solar cells combined with an electric drive train. Biodiesel outcompetes solar cells in cost and ease of deployment. However, these statistics by themselves are not enough to show whether such a change makes economic sense. Additional factors must be taken into account, such as: the fuel equivalent of the energy required for processing, the yield of fuel from raw oil, the return on cultivating food, and the relative cost of biodiesel versus petrodiesel. A 1998 joint study by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) traced many of the various costs involved in the production of biodiesel and found that overall, it yields 3.2 units of fuel product energy for every unit of fossil fuel energy consumed. {{ref.html">net energy gain energy yield. A comparison to petroleum diesel, petroleum gasoline and bioalcohol bioethanol using the USDA numbers can be found at the Minnesota Department of Agriculture website{{ref|www.mda.state.mn.us.811}} In the comparison petroleum diesel fuel is found to have a 0.843 energy yield, along with 0.805 for petroleum gasoline, and 1.34 for bioethanol. The 1998 study used soybean oil primarily as the base oil to calculate the energy yields. It is conceivable that higher oil yielding crops could increase the energy yield of biodiesel. The debate over the energy balance of biodiesel is ongoing, however. Some nations and regions that have pondered transitioning fully to biofuels have found that doing so would require immense tracts of land if traditional crops are used. Considering only traditional plants and analyzing the amount of biodiesel that can be produced per unit area of cultivated land, some have concluded that it is likely that the United States, with one of the highest per capita energy demands of any country, does not have enough arable land to fuel all of the nation's vehicles. Other developed and developing nations may be in better situations, although many regions cannot afford to divert land away from food production. For third world countries, biodiesel sources that use marginal land could make more sense, e.g. honge nuts {{ref|www.tve.org.813}} grown along roads. More recent studies using a species of algaculture algae that has oil contents of as high as 50% have concluded that as little as 28,000 km² or 0.3 % of the land area of the US could be utilized to produce enough biodiesel to replace all transportation fuel the country currently utilizes. Further encouragement comes from the fact that the land that could be most effective in growing the algae is desert land with high solar irradiation, but lower economic value for other uses and that the algae could utilize farm waste and excess CO₂ from factories to help speed the growth of the algae. {{ref|www.unh.edu.814}} The direct source of the energy content of biodiesel is solar energy captured by plants during photosynthesis. The website biodiesel.co.uk{{ref|www.biodiesel.co.uk.815}}discusses the positive energy balance of biodiesel: :When straw was left in the field, biodiesel production was strongly energy positive, yielding 1 1 E9 J GJ biodiesel for every 0.561 GJ of energy input (a yield/cost ratio of 1.78). :When straw was burned as fuel and oilseed rapemeal was used as a fertilizer, the yield/cost ratio for biodiesel production was even better (3.71). In other words, for every unit of energy input to produce biodiesel, the output was 3.71 units (the difference of 2.71 units would be from solar energy). Biodiesel is becoming of interest to companies interested in commercial scale production as well as the more usual home brew biodiesel user and the user of straight vegetable oil or waste vegetable oil in diesel engines. Homemade biodiesel processors are many and varied.

Availability
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Australia
The Fuel Standard (Biodiesel) Determination 2003 was signed by the Minister for the Environment and Heritage on 18 September. The determination sets out the physical and chemical parameters of the Biodiesel standard. It also sets out the associated test methods that the Government will use to determine compliance. In February of 2005 the first retail outlet for Biodiesel opened in the Sydney suburb of Marrickville. It offers B20 and B50 blends to the general public, and caters to qualified fleets wishing to utilize B100.

Brazil
Brazil opened a commercial biodiesel refinery in March 2005. It is capable of producing 12,000 m³ (3.2 million US gallons) per year of biodiesel fuel. Feedstocks can be a variety of sunflower seeds, soybeans, or castor beans. The finished product will be currently a blend of Petroleum diesel gas oil with 2% biodiesel and, after 2011, 5% biodiesel, both usable in unmodified diesel engines. As of 2005, there were 3 refineries and 7 that are planned to open. The three factories were capable of producing 45,6 million of litres per year.

Belgium
In Belgium, there are refineries in Ertvelde (by the company Oléon) and at Feluy.

Canada
Rothsay of Ville Ste Catherine, Quebec produces 35,000 m³ of biodiesel a year {{ref.html">Mulgrave, Nova Scotia produces 6 million gallons (23,000 m³) of fatty acid ethyl esters annually as a byproduct of its Omega-3 fatty acid processing. They use this byproduct for power and Halifax.html" title="Meaning of Mulgrave, Nova Scotia.html" title="Meaning of Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia Halifax">Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia|Halifax-based Wilson Fuels take the surplus and offer blended biodiesel for use in transportation and heating fuel. Halifax Regional Municipality has converted its bus fleet, with a future demand of 7,500 m³ of BD20, reducing biodiesel content in low temperatures to avoid gelation issues but possibly increasing to B50 in summer, and 3,000 m³ split between B20 and B100 for building heat. The municipality forecasts a greenhouse gas reduction of over 9,000 tonnes CO₂ equivalents (4,250 tonnes from fleet use and 5,000 tonnes from building heating) if fully implemented. The Province of Nova Scotia uses biodiesel in some buildings for heating. Private sector uptake is slow due to a lack of price differential with petroleum fuel and a lack of federal and provincial tax rebating. Wilson Fuels have opened a biodiesel station in Moncton, New Brunswick.
In Ontario Biox Corporation {{ref|www.bioxcorp.com}} of Oakville is building a bio-diesel processing plant in the Hamilton harbour industrial lands, due for completion in the first half of 2006. There are also a few retail filling stations selling bio-diesel to motorists in Toronto and Unionville {{ref|biodiesel.stations}}. Manitoba has seen a rush of building in bio-diesel plants in 2005 and 2006, starting in June 2005 with Bifrost Bio-Diesel in Arborg, Manitoba. Biodiesel is being made by individuals and farmers for their own use. BioFuel Canada Ltd has small scale affordable plants for Farmers and off road users.

Czech Republic
Czech_Republic Czech production of biodiesel was already above 60,000 m³ per year by the early 1990s and is now even larger {{ref|www.biodiesel.at}}. Many of the plants are very large, including one in Olomouc which produces almost 40,000 m³ per year. From the summer of 2004, the Czech producers of biodiesel for blend receive a subsidy of roughly CEK 9.50/kg. All Skoda diesels built since 1996 are warrantied to use biodiesel.

Finland
Neste Oil begins the production of alkyl biodiesel in the NExBTL process in summer 2007 in Finland, with a capacity of 170000 tons/year. Also, a contract has been signed with the French Total S.A. Total, to begin production in some Total's refinery in 2008. NExBTL diesel, in contrast to rapeseed methyl ester, is a clear and colorless paraffin, and contains no oxygen. It is used to improve the quality of petro-diesel; its quality is higher since it has a homogenous source, namely plant-synthesized fatty acids. It doesn't require any special engine repairs and it doesn't foul the systems like ester biodiesel does. It is produced by direct hydrogenation of the plant oil (chemically, triglyceride) into alkane, water and carbon oxides on a nickel-molybdenum catalyst. The total CO2 produced in the entire lifecycle is only 0.45 to 1.33 kg CO2/kg oil, in contrast to transesterified fuel with 1.4-2.0 kg CO2/kg oil, or mineral diesel with 3.4 kg CO2/kg oil. [www.termo.hut.fi/Ene-39/006/biodiesel1.ppt] Therefore, it's not only an "oil derivative" like ester.

Germany
According to the ''Union zur Förderung von Öl- und Proteinpflanzen'' UFOP{{ref|www.ufop.de.817}} (Union to promote oil- and protein plants), in 2004 the sale of biodiesel through German gas stations rose to 375,000 m³, although it is currently only available at selected outlets. In 2004, 45 percent of all biodiesel sales went directly to large end users, such as trucking companies. Production capacity for biodiesel, for the most part produced from rapeseed, is expected to rise in 2006 to over 2,000,000 m³ per year. Sales in Germany have doubled to 376.6 million litres (about 99 million US gallons) from 2002 to 2004. This amount is sufficient to meet the average yearly consumption of well over 300,000 automobiles. Diesel engines have become increasingly popular in Germany and almost half of all newly manufactured cars are diesel powered. This is in part due to the greater efficiency of diesel engines, the desire by consumers to use environmentally friendlier technologies and lower taxes on diesel fuel that make it cheaper than gasoline. With 1,900 sales points, equal to one in every ten public gas stations, biodiesel is the first alternative fuel to be available nationwide. The industry is expecting a surge in demand since the authorisation at the beginning of 2004, through European Union legislation, of a maximum 5 percent biodiesel addition to conventional diesel fuel. In Germany biodiesel is also sold cheaper in comparison to fossil diesel fuel.

India
Biodiesel is now being produced locally in India for use in three-wheeler motor rickshaws. These engines actually run on regular diesel fuel or CNG, but in the past kerosene was used because it was far cheaper, and worked just as well. However, kerosene was dirty and wasn't as clean-burning. Biodiesel is rapidly replacing both kerosene and diesel as a more efficient, cheap, and clean alternative. Today plans are being chalked out to cultivate Jatropha plants on barren land to use its oil for biodiesel production. Now it was used for Railway engines and the plantations are recommended to plant these plants everywhere in the unused area through government sectors. Biodisel is being used experimentally to run state transport corporation busses in karnataka. University of Agriculture Sciences at Bangalore has identified many elite lines of Jatropha curcas and Pongamia and large scale activities have been initiated, quite recently.

Norway
Biodiesel is not in common use in Norway. The three biodiesel pumps in Norway at Lillehammer, Hadeland and Oslo are managed by the Norwegian oil-company Hydro-Texaco.

Thailand
In 2006, several biodiesel plants are operating in Thailand using the excess palm oil / palm stearin and in some cases the used cooking oil as raw materials. About 15 petrol stations are now distributing B5 (5% biodiesel with 95% diesel) in Chiangmai and Bangkok. The national biodiesel standard has been developed based on the European standard. The target of the Government is to mandate B5 by 2011 which will require almost 4 Million litres/day of biodiesel[http://www.dede.go.th]. The raw material will most likely come from palm oil, coconut oil, Jatropha Curcas Linn., and animal tallow. Several pilot plants are now operating such as The Royal Chitralada Projects [http://www.royalchitralada.or.th], Rajabiodiesel in Surattani[http://www.ethanol-thailand.com], Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency[http://www.dede.go.th], Royal Naval Dockyard[http://www.navy.mi.th/dockyard/biodesel],[http://www.navy.mi.th/dockyard/doced/Homepage/Botkwuam/Navy_Biodiesel.pdf], and Tistr [www.tistr.or.th].

United Kingdom
Biodiesel is sold by a small but growing number of filling stations in B5 and B100 blend {{ref|www.biodieselfillingstations.co.uk.807}}. Some farmers have been using small plants to create their own biodiesel for farm machinery since the 1990s. Several Co-ops and small scale production facilites have recently begun production, typically selling fuel several pence per litre less than petrodiesel. The first large scale plant, capable of producing 50 million litres (13 million US gallons) a year, opened in Scotland in 2005 {{ref|www.bbc.co.uk.812}}. Biodiesel is treated like any other vehicle fuel in the UK and the paperwork required to register as a producer is a major limiting factor to growth in the market.

United States
Biodiesel is commercially available in most oilseed-producing states in the United States. As of 2005, it is somewhat more expensive than fossil diesel, though it is still commonly produced in relatively small quantities (in comparison to petroleum products and ethanol). Many farmers who raise oilseeds use a biodiesel blend in tractors and equipment as a matter of policy, to foster production of biodiesel and raise public awareness. It is sometimes easier to find biodiesel in rural areas than in cities. Similarly, some agribusinesses and others with ties to oilseed farming use biodiesel for public relations reasons. As of 2003 some tax credits are available in the U.S. for using biodiesel. In 2004 almost 30 million US gallons (110,000 m³) of commercially produced biodiesel were sold in the U.S., up from less than 0.1 million US gallons (380 m³) in 1998. Projection for 2005 were 75 million gallons produced from 45 factories. Due to increasing pollution control requirements and tax relief, the U.S. market is expected to grow to 1 or 2 billion US gallons (4,000,000 to 8,000,000 m³) by 2010. The price of biodiesel in the United States has come down from an average $3.50 per US gallon ($0.92/l) in 1997 to $1.85 per US gallon ($0.49/l) in 2002. This appears economically viable with current petrodiesel prices, which as of 09/19/05 varied from $2.648 to $3.06. A pilot project in Unalaska, Alaska Unalaska/Dutch Harbor, Alaska is producing fish oil biodiesel from the local fish processing industry in conjunction with the University of Alaska Fairbanks. It is rarely economic to ship the fish oil elsewhere and Alaskan communities are heavily dependent on diesel power generation. The local factories project 3.5 million tonnes of fish oil annually. In 2005, U.S. entertainer Willie Nelson was selling B20 Biodiesel in four states under the name BioWillie. By late 2005 it was available at 13 gas stations and truck stops (mainly in Texas). Most purchasers were truck drivers. It was also used to fuel the buses and trucks for Mr. Nelson's tours as well as his personal automobiles {{ref|www.nytimes.com.806}}. In February of 2006, a team of high school students showed a sports-economy car, fueled by soybean bio-diesel, that became a star of the Philadelphia Auto Show. The car can go from zero to 60 in four seconds and gets more than 50 miles to the gallon. [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/02/17/eveningnews/main1329941.shtml] The students called the car the K-1 Attack, and it combines a VW built diesel for the rear wheels for efficiency, and an AC Propulsion electric drive for the front wheels, for short bursts of speed. [http://www.penn-partners.org/evteam/] In March 2002, the Minnesota State Legislature passed a bill which mandated that all diesel sold in the state must contain at least 2% biodiesel. The requirement took effect on June 30, 2005. [http://www.newrules.org/agri/biodieselmn.html] In March 2006, Washington State became the second state to pass a 2% biodiesel mandate, with a start-date set for December 1, 2008. [http://apps.leg.wa.gov/billinfo/summary.aspx?bill=6508]

See also
{{Wikibookspage|How to make biodiesel}} {{Wikinewspar2|Portal:Environment|Economy_and_business#Commodities}} * Alcohol fuel (including gasohol) * Algaculture#Biodiesel_production Algaculture (production of biodiesel from algae) * Appropriate technology * Biodiesel production * Bioalcohol fuel. * Bio-oil * Diesel * Diesel engine * Environmental economics * EN 14214 * Energy balance * Ethylester biodiesel * Filling station * Hydrogen car * List of diesel automobiles * Renewable energy * Straight vegetable oil (SVO) * Thermal depolymerization * Future energy development

References
*''A look back at the U.S. Department of Energy Aquatic Species program: Biodiesel from Algae'', July 1998, J. Sheehan, et. al. NREL [http://www.eere.energy.gov/biomass/pdfs/biodiesel_from_algae.pdf (326pp)], PDF file]. *''An Overview of Biodiesel and Petroleum Diesel Lifecycles'', May 1998, Sheehan, et. al. NREL [http://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/fy98/24772.pdf (60pp pdf file)] *''Business Management for Biodiesel Producers'', January 2004, Jon Von Gerpen, Iowa State University under contract with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) [http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/36242.pdf (210pp pdf file)] *''[http://www.biodiesel.co.uk/levington.htm Energy balances in the growth of oilseed rape for biodiesel and of wheat for bioethanol]'', June 2000, I.R. Richards *''Life Cycle Inventory of Biodiesel and Petroleum Diesel for Use in an Urban Bus'', 1998, Sheehan, et. al. NREL [http://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/fy98/24089.pdf (314pp pdf file)] *''[http://www.unh.edu/p2/biodiesel/article_alge.html Widescale Biodiesel Production from Algae]'', August 2004, Michael Briggs, University of New Hampshire UNH Retrieved December 6, 2004 *''[http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0111/p01s03-sten.html Algae - like a breath mint for smokestacks]'', January 11, 2006, Mark Clayton, Christian Science Monitor

Notes
# {{note|www.epa.gov.808}} {{cite web | title=EPA: OSWER: OSWER Innovations Pilot: Costilla County Biodiesel Waste-to-Energy Demonstration | url=http://www.epa.gov/oswer/docs/iwg/2004_costilla_county_draft3.pdf | accessdate=October 24 | accessyear=2005 }} # {{note|www.journeytoforever.org.809}} {{cite web | title=Vegetable oil yields, characteristics: Journey to Forever | url=http://www.journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_yield.html | accessdate=October 24 | accessyear=2005 }} # {{note|www.foe.co.uk.818}} {{cite web | title=The oil for ape scandal | author=Buckland, Helen |publisher=Friends of the Earth | url=http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/reports/oil_for_ape_full.pdf | accessdate=2005-12-14 }} # {{note|www.monbiot.com.819}} {{cite web | title=Worse than fossil fuel | author=Monbiot, George | url=http://www.monbiot.com/archives/2005/12/06/worse-than-fossil-fuel | accessdate=2005-12-14}} # {{note|www.nrel.gov.810}} {{cite web | title=Life Cycle Inventory of Biodiesel and Petroleum Diesel for Use in an Urban Bus (See above) | url=http://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/fy98/24089.pdf | accessdate=October 24 | accessyear=2005 }} # {{note|www.mda.state.mn.us.811}} {{cite web | title= Minnesota Department of Agriculture website | url=http://www.mda.state.mn.us/ethanol/balance.html | accessdate=October 24 | accessyear=2005 }} # {{note|www.tve.org.813}} {{cite web | title=Hands On: Power Pods - India | url=http://www.tve.org/ho/doc.cfm?aid=1433&lang=English | accessdate=October 24 | accessyear=2005 }} # {{note|www.unh.edu.814}} {{cite web | title=UNH Biodiesel Group (See above) | url=http://www.unh.edu/p2/biodiesel/article_alge.html | accessdate=October 24 | accessyear=2005 }} # {{note|www.biodiesel.co.uk.815}} {{cite web | title=Levington (See above) | url=http://www.biodiesel.co.uk/levington.htm | accessdate=October 24 | accessyear=2005 }} # {{note|www.ebb-eu.org}} {{cite web | title=The European Biodiesel Board | url=http://www.ebb-eu.org | accessdate=January 9 | accessyear=2006}} # {{note|news.yahoo.com.142}} {{cite web | title=Company says run your car on cow fuel - Yahoo! News | url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20051201/wl_canada_nm/canada_environment_climate_cows_col | accessdate=2005-12-16 }} # {{note|www.biodiesel.at}} {{cite web | title=Österreichisches Biotreibstoff Institut (Austrian Biofuels Institute) | url=http://www.biodiesel.at/default.asp?lang=2 | accessdate=November 7 | accessyear=2005 }} # {{note|www.ufop.de.817}} {{cite web | title=Union zur Förderung von Oel- und Proteinpflanzen e. V | url=http://www.ufop.de/ | accessdate=October 24 | accessyear=2005 }} # {{note|www.biodieselfillingstations.co.uk.807}} {{cite web | title=UK Biodiesel Filling Stations | url=http://www.biodieselfillingstations.co.uk | accessdate=January 16 | accessyear=2006 }} # {{note|www.bioxcorp.com}} {{cite web | title=Biox | url=http://www.bioxcorp.com | accessdate=March 28 | accessyear=2006 }} # {{note|biodiesel.stations}} {{cite web | title=Ontario Biodiesel Filling Stations | url=http://www.greenincubator.com/aboutbiodiesel/buyingbiodiesel.htm | accessdate=March 28 | accessyear=2006 }} # {{note|www.bbc.co.uk.812}} {{cite web | title= Green biodiesel production starts in Motherwell | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4409369.stm | accessdate=April 4 | accessyear=2005 }} # {{note|www.nytimes.com.807}} {{cite web | title= His Car Smelling Like French Fries, Willie Nelson Sells Biodiesel | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/30/business/30biowillie.html?ex=1293598800&en=43701db52fe3d1d9&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss | accessdate=December 30| accessyear=2005}}. # {{note|www.greenfuelonline.com.816}} {{cite web | title= GreenFuel Technologies | url=http://www.greenfuelonline.com/ | accessdate=October 24 | accessyear=2005 }} # {{note|www.epa.gov.808}} {{cite web | title=EPA: OSWER: OSWER Innovations Pilot: Santa Cruz Urban Waste to Biodiesel Initiative | url=http://www.epa.gov/oswer/iwg/pilots/docs/2005_0523_urbanbiofuels_final.pdf | accessdate=November 2 | accessyear=2005 }} # {{note|www.epa.gov.808}} {{cite web | title=EPA: OSWER: OSWER Innovations Pilot: Reducing Production Costs and Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Emissions from Biodiesel | url=http://www.epa.gov/oswer/docs/iwg/fs_biodieseland_nox_final.pdf | accessdate=November 2 | accessyear=2005 }}

External links

- Learn to Make Biodiesel - A Collaborative Biodiesel Tutorial
- http://www.biofuelcanada.ca/
- http://www.biodiesel.org/ U.S. National Biodiesel Board (NBB) mirror of http://www.nbb.org/
- http://www.biodiesel.org.au/
- Biodiesel.be - Belgian News Portal focusing on Biodiesel, includes a biodiesel promotional car kit
- http://www.biodieselamerica.org/
- http://www.biodieselnow.com/
- http://www.eere.energy.gov/biomass/, US Department of Energy - Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
- http://www.greenfuels.org/biodiesel/index.htm Canadian renewable fuels association
- http://www.b100wh.com/b100wh.html#reactor
- http://www.journeytoforever.org/biodiesel.html
- http://www.localb100.com/
- http://www.nrel.gov/, US National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- http://www.unh.edu/p2/biodiesel/index.html, UNH Biodiesel Group
- Biodiesel Fuel Testing, B100 & ASTM D6751 Biodiesel Specifications Category:Biofuels Category:Renewable energy Category:Alternative propulsion bg:Биодизел ca:Biodièsel cs:Bionafta de:Biodiesel es:Biodiésel eo:Biodizelo fr:Biodiesel ko:바�오디젤 id:Biodiesel it:Biodiesel he:ביו דיזל nl:Biodiesel pl:Biodiesel pt:Biodiesel ru:Биодизель sr:Биодизел fi:Biodiesel th:ไบโอดีเซล vi:Diesel sinh h�c tr:Biodizel zh:生物柴油 see Biodiesel