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GOLD
*** Shopping-Tip: GOLD
{{otheruses}}
{{Elementbox_header | number=79 | symbol=Au | name=gold | left=
platinum .html">mercury (element)
mercury | above=
silver Ag | below=
roentgenium Rg | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }}
{{Elementbox_series |
transition metals }}
{{Elementbox_groupperiodblock | group=11 | period=6 | block=d }}
{{Elementbox_appearance_img | Native gold nuggets| metallic yellow }}
{{Elementbox_atomicmass_gpm |
1 E-25 kg 196.966569List of elements by atomic mass (4) }}
{{Elementbox_econfig | [
xenon Xe] 4f
14 5d
10 6s
1 }}
{{Elementbox_epershell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 }}
{{Elementbox_section_physicalprop | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }}
{{Elementbox_phase |
solid }}
{{Elementbox_density_gpcm3nrt | 19.3 }}
{{Elementbox_densityliq_gpcm3mp | 17.31 }}
{{Elementbox_meltingpoint | k=1337.33 | c=1064.18 | f=1947.52 }}
{{Elementbox_boilingpoint | k=3129 | c=2856 | f=5173 }}
{{Elementbox_heatfusion_kjpmol | 12.55 }}
{{Elementbox_heatvaporiz_kjpmol | 324 }}
{{Elementbox_heatcapacity_jpmolkat25 | 25.418 }}
{{Elementbox_vaporpressure_katpa | 1646 | 1814 | 2021 | 2281 | 2620 | 3078 | comment= }}
{{Elementbox_section_atomicprop | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }}
{{Elementbox_crystalstruct | cubic face centered }}
{{Elementbox_oxistates | '''3''', 1
(
amphoteric oxide) }}
{{Elementbox_electroneg_pauling | 2.54 }}
{{Elementbox_ionizationenergies2 | 890.1 | 1980 }}
{{Elementbox_atomicradius_pm |
1 E-10 m 135 }}
{{Elementbox_atomicradiuscalc_pm |
1 E-10 m 174 }}
{{Elementbox_covalentradius_pm |
1 E-10 m 144 }}
{{Elementbox_vanderwaalsrad_pm |
1 E-10 m 166 }}
{{Elementbox_section_miscellaneous | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }}
{{Elementbox_magnetic | no data }}
{{Elementbox_eresist_ohmmat20 | 22.14 n}}
{{Elementbox_thermalcond_wpmkat300k | 318 }}
{{Elementbox_thermalexpansion_umpmkat25 | 14.2 }}
{{Elementbox_speedofsound_rodmpsatrt | (hard-drawn)
2030 }}
{{Elementbox_youngsmodulus_gpa | 78 }}
{{Elementbox_shearmodulus_gpa | 27 }}
{{Elementbox_bulkmodulus_gpa | 220 }}
{{Elementbox_poissonratio | 0.44 }}
{{Elementbox_mohshardness | 2.5 }}
{{Elementbox_vickershardness_mpa | 216 }}
{{Elementbox_brinellhardness_mpa | 2450 }}
{{Elementbox_cas_number | 7440-57-5 }}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_begin | isotopesof=gold | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=195 | sym=Au
| na=
synthetic radioisotope syn | hl=186.10 d
| dm=
electron capture ε | de=0.227 | pn=195 | ps=
platinum Pt }}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=196 | sym=Au
| na=
synthetic radioisotope syn | hl=6.183 d
| dm1=
electron capture ε | de1=1.506 | pn1=196 | ps1=
platinum Pt
| dm2=
beta emission β- | de2=0.686 | pn2=196 | ps2=
mercury (element) Hg }}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=197 | sym=Au | na=100% | n=118 }}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=198 | sym=Au
| na=
synthetic radioisotope syn | hl=2.69517 d
| dm=
beta emission β- | de=1.372 | pn=198 | ps=
mercury (element) Hg }}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=199 | sym=Au
| na=
synthetic radioisotope syn | hl=3.169 d
| dm=
beta emission β- | de=0.453 | pn=199 | ps=
mercury (element) Hg }}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_end}}
{{Elementbox_footer | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black}}
'''Gold''' is a
chemical element in the
periodic table that has the symbol '''Au''' (from the
Latin language Latin ''aurum'') and
atomic number 79. A soft, shiny, yellow, dense, malleable, ductile (trivalent and univalent)
transition metal, gold does not react with most chemicals but is attacked by
chlorine,
fluorine and
aqua regia. The metal occurs as
gold nugget nuggets or grains in rocks and in
alluvial deposits and is one of the
coinage metals.
For millennia gold has been used as
money, a
store of value and in
jewelry. Modern industrial uses include
dentistry and
electronics. Gold forms the basis for a
Gold standard monetary standard used by the
International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the
Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Its
ISO 4217 ISO currency code is '''XAU'''.
Notable characteristics
Gold is a metallic element with a characteristic
yellow color, but can also be
black or
ruby when finely divided, while
colloidal solutions are intensely colored and often
purple. These colors are the result of gold's
plasmon frequency lying in the visible range, which causes red and yellow light to be reflected, and blue light to be absorbed. Only silver colloids exhibit the same interactions with light, albeit at a shorter frequency, making silver colloids yellow in color.
It is the most
malleable and
ductility ductile metal known; a single
gram can be beaten into a sheet of one
square metre, or an
ounce into 300
square foot square feet. A soft metal, gold will readily form alloys with many other metals. This can be done to increase its strength, or create several exotic colors, sold for instance in the western
United States to the tourist trade as "
Black Hills" gold. Adding
copper yields a redder metal,
iron blue, Silver produces green,
aluminium purple,
platinum metals white, and natural
bismuth together with silver alloys produce black. Native gold contains usually eight to ten per cent
silver, but often much more — alloys with a silver content over 20% are called
electrum. As the amount of silver increases, the color becomes whiter and the
Relative density specific gravity reduces.
Gold is a good conductor of
heat and
electricity, and is not affected by
Earth's atmosphere air and most
reagents. Heat, moisture,
oxygen, and most
corrosion corrosive agents have very little chemical effect on gold, making it well-suited for use in
coins and
jewelry; conversely,
halogens will chemically alter gold, and
aqua regia dissolves it.
Common
oxidation states of gold include +1 (gold(I) or aurous compounds) and +3 (gold(III) or auric compounds). Gold ions in solution are readily
reduction (chemistry) reduced and
Precipitation (chemistry) precipitated out as gold metal by the addition of virtually any other metal as the reducing agent. The added metal is
oxidation oxidized and dissolves allowing the gold to be displaced from solution and be recovered as a solid precipitate.
Recent research undertaken by Frank Reith of the Australian National University shows that microbes play an important role in the formation of gold deposits, transporting and precipitating gold to form grains and nuggets that collect in alluvial deposits.
[http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/enviro/EnviroRepublish_1032376.htm]
Applications
Pure gold is too soft for ordinary use and is hardened by
alloying with silver, copper, and other metals. Gold and its many alloys are most often used in
jewelry,
Coin coinage and as a standard for
money monetary exchange in many countries. Because of its high electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion and other desirable combinations of physical and chemical properties, gold also emerged in the late
20th century as an essential industrial metal.
*Gold can be made into
gold thread thread and used in
embroidery.
*Gold performs critical functions in
computers, communications equipment,
spacecraft,
jet aircraft engines, and a host of other products.
*The resistance to oxidation of gold has led to its widespread use as thin layers
Electroplating electroplated on the surface of electrical connectors to ensure a good connection.
*Gold is used in restorative dentistry especially in tooth restorations such as
crown (dentistry) crowns and
bridges.
*
Colloidal gold (a gold
nanoparticle) is an intensely
colored solution that is currently studied in many labs for medical, biological and other applications. It is also the form used as gold paint on
ceramics prior to firing.
*
Chlorauric acid is used in
photography for toning the silver image.
*
Gold(III) chloride is used as a
catalyst in
organic chemistry. It is also the usual starting point for making other gold
Inorganic compound compounds.
* Gold is used as a coating enabling biological material to be viewed under a
scanning electron microscope.
* Many competitions and honors, such as the
Olympics and the
Nobel Prize, award a gold
medal to the winner (with
silver to the second-place finisher, and
bronze to the third.)
*Since it is a good reflector of both infrared and visible light, it is used for the protective coatings on many artificial
satellites and on the astronauts helmets to prevent blindness from the sun.
*
Disodium aurothiomalate is a treatment for rheumatoid
arthritis (administered intramuscularly). It inhibits
lymphocyte proliferation,
lysosome lysosomal enzyme release, the release of
reactive oxygen species from
macrophages, and
IL-1 production. However, it can also cause photosensitive
rashes, gastrointestinal disturbance, and
kidney damage.
*The gold isotope Au-198, (
half-life: 2.7 days) is used in some
cancer treatments and for treating other diseases.
*Gold flake is used on and in some gourmet sweets and drinks. Called
varak or (varaq) in India. Having no reactivity it adds no taste but is taken as a delicacy. Some use it as an excuse to create super-expensive delicacies ($1,000 cocktails). For similar reasons, it also used as the basis for some superstitious, over the top, health claims. Only the salts and radioisotopes (mentioned above) have any evidence of medicinal value.
*
White gold (an alloy of gold with
platinum,
palladium,
nickel, and/or
zinc) serves as a substitute for platinum.
*
Green gold (a gold/
silver alloy) is used in specialized jewelry while gold alloys with copper (reddish color) are more widely used for that purpose (
rose gold)*.
History
Gold (
Arabic ذهب,
Sanskrit ''jval'',
Tamil language Tamil ''thangAm'',
Greek language Greek χÏ?υσóς [''khrisós''],
Latin ''aurum'' for "shining dawn",
Anglo-Saxon language Anglo-Saxon ''gold'',
Chinese language Chinese 金 [''jīn''],
Japanese language Japanese 金 [''kin''] ) has been known and highly valued since prehistoric times. It may have been the first metal used by
humans and was valued for ornamentation and rituals.
Egyptian hieroglyphs from as early as
2600 BCE describe gold, which king
Tushratta of the
Mitanni claimed was as "common as dust" in Egypt. Egypt and
Nubia had the resources to make them major gold-producing areas for much of history. Gold is also mentioned several times in the
Old Testament. The south-east corner of the
Black Sea was famed for its gold. Exploitation is said to date from the time of
Midas, and this gold was important in the establishment of what is probably the world's earliest coinage in
Lydia between
630s BCE 643 and 630 BCE.
The European exploration of the Americas was fueled in no small part by reports of the gold ornaments displayed in great profusion by
Indigenous peoples of the Americas Native American peoples, especially in
Central America,
Peru, and
Colombia.
Gold has long been considered one of the most
precious metals, and its value has been used as the standard for many
currency currencies (known as the
gold standard) in history. Gold has been used as a symbol for purity, value, royalty, and particularly roles that combine these properties (see
gold album).
Gold in antiquity was relatively easy to obtain geologically; however, 75% of all gold ever produced has been extracted since
1910.[http://www.goldsheetlinks.com/production2.htm] It has been estimated that all the gold in the world that has ever been refined would form a single cube
1 E2 m 20 m (66 ft) a side.
The primary goal of the
alchemy alchemists was to produce gold from other substances, such as
lead — presumably by the interaction with a mythical substance called the
philosopher's stone. Although they never succeeded in this attempt, the alchemists promoted an interest in what can be done with substances, and this laid a foundation for today's
chemistry. Their symbol for gold was the
circle with a point at its centre circle with a point at its center (☉), which was also the
astrology astrological symbol, the
Egyptian
Egyptian hieroglyph hieroglyph and the ancient
Chinese character for the
Sun (now 日). For modern attempts to produce artificial gold, see
gold synthesis.
During the
19th century,
gold rushes occurred whenever large gold deposits were discovered, including the
California gold rush California,
Colorado gold rush Colorado,
Central Otago goldrush Otago,
Australian gold rushes Australian,
Witwatersrand,
Black Hills, and
Klondike, Yukon Klondike gold rushes.
Because of its historically high value, much of the gold mined throughout history is still in circulation in one form or another.
Occurrence
{{See also|:Category:Gold minerals}}
Image:GoldNuggetUSGOV.jpg thumb|left|200px|A gold nugget
Image:Native gold nuggets.jpg octahedron 200px|right|thumb|Raw gold from California (top) and Australia (bottom), showing [[octahedron|octahedral formations.html" title="Meaning of octahedral.html" title="Meaning of 200px|right|thumb|Raw gold from California (top) and Australia (bottom), showing [[octahedron|octahedral">200px|right|thumb|Raw gold from California (top) and Australia (bottom), showing [[octahedron|octahedral formations">octahedral.html" title="Meaning of 200px|right|thumb|Raw gold from California (top) and Australia (bottom), showing [[octahedron|octahedral">200px|right|thumb|Raw gold from California (top) and Australia (bottom), showing [[octahedron|octahedral formations
Due to its relative chemical inertness gold is usually found as the native metal or alloy. Occasionally large accumulations of native gold (also known as
gold nugget nuggets) occur but usually gold occurs as minute grains. These grains occur between mineral grain boundaries or as inclusions within minerals. Common gold associations are
quartz often as
veins and sulfide minerals. The most common sulfide associations are
pyrite,
chalcopyrite,
galena,
sphalerite,
arsenopyrite,
stibnite and
pyrrhotite. Rarer mineral associations are
petzite,
calaverite,
sylvanite,
muthmannite,
nagyagite and
krennerite.
Gold is widely distributed in the Earth's
Crust (geology) crust at a background level of 0.03
gram g/1000
kilogram kg (0.03
Parts per million ppm by weight).
Hydrothermal ore deposits of gold occur in
metamorphic rocks and
igneous rocks;
alluvial deposits and
placer deposits originate from these sources.
The primary source of gold is usually igneous rocks or surface concentrations. A deposit usually needs some form of secondary enrichment to form an economically viable ore deposit: either chemical or physical processes like
erosion or solution or more generally
metamorphism, which concentrates the gold in sulfide minerals or quartz. There are several primary deposit types, common ones are termed reef or vein. Primary deposits can be weathered and eroded, with most of the gold being transported into stream beds where it congregates with other heavy minerals to form placer deposits. In all these deposits the gold is in its native form. Another important ore type is in
sedimentary black
shale and
limestone deposits containing finely disseminated gold and other
platinum group metals.
Gold occurs in sea water at 0.1 to 2
milligram mg/
tonne t (0.1 to 2
Parts per billion ppb by weight) depending on sample location.
Production
{{Main articles|
Gold prospecting,
Gold mining and
Gold extraction}}
Image:Gold mine.jpg thumb|250px|right|The entrance to an underground gold mine in Victoria, Australia
Image:GoldOreUSGOV.jpg 175px|right|thumb|Gold ore
Economic
gold extraction can be achieved from ore grades as little as 0.5 g/1000 kg (0.5 ppm) on average in large easily mined deposits, typical ore grades in
open-pit mining open-pit mines are 1–5 g/1000 kg (1-5 ppm), ore grades in underground or
hard rock mining hard rock mines are usually at least 3 g/1000 kg (3 ppm) on average. Ore grades of 30 g/1000 kg (30 ppm) are usually needed before gold is visible to the naked eye, therefore in most gold mines you will not see any gold.
Since the 1880s
South Africa has been the source for a large proportion of the world's gold supply. Production in 1970 accounted for 79% of the world supply, producing about 1,000
tonnes, however production in 2004 was 342 tonnes. This decline was due to the increasing difficulty of extraction and changing economic factors affecting the industry in South Africa.
The city of
Johannesburg was built atop the world's greatest gold finds. Gold fields in the
Orange Free State and the
Transvaal are deep and require the world's deepest mines. The
Second Boer War of
1899–
1901 between the
British Empire and the white
Boers was at least partly over the rights of miners and possession of the gold wealth in South Africa.
Other major producers are
Canada,
United States and
Western Australia. Mines in
South Dakota and
Nevada supply two-thirds of gold used in the United States.
Siberian regions of the
USSR also used to be significant in the global gold mining industry.
Kolar Gold Fields in
India is another example of a city being built on the greatest gold deposits in
India. In South America, the controversial project
Pascua Lama aims at exploitation of rich fields in the high mountains of
Atacama, at the border between
Chile and
Argentina.
After initial production, gold is often subsequently refined industrially by the
Wohlwill process or the
Miller process. Other methods of assaying and purifying smaller amounts of gold include
parting and inquartation as well as
cuppelation, or refining methods based on the dissolution of gold in
aqua regia.
The world's oceans hold a vast amount of gold, but in very low concentrations (perhaps 1-2 parts per billion).
Fritz Haber (the German inventor of the
Haber process) attempted commercial extraction of gold from sea water in an effort to help pay Germany's reparations following the
First World War. Unfortunately, his assessment of the concentration of gold in sea water was unduly high, probably due to sample contamination. The effort produced little gold and cost the German government far more than the commercial value of the gold recovered. No commercially viable mechanism for performing gold extraction from sea water has yet been identified.
Gold synthesis is not economically viable and is unlikely to become so in the foreseeable future.
The average gold mining and extraction costs are $238 per
troy ounce but these can vary widely depending on mining type and ore quality. In 2001, global mine production amounted to 2,604 tonnes, or 67% of total gold demand in that year. At the end of 2001, it was estimated that all the gold ever mined totalled 145,000 tonnes [http://www.gold.org/discover/knowledge/faqs/]. Gold has a very high density, 19.3 tonne per cubic metre, therefore all the gold ever mined would make a cube less than 20 metres wide.
:
:
Price
{{Main articles|
Gold as an investment and
Gold standard}}
Image:3sovriegns.jpg gold sovereign thumb|right|190px|Three [[gold sovereign|Gold Sovereigns with a
Krugerrand.html" title="Meaning of Gold Sovereign.html" title="Meaning of thumb|right|190px|Three [[gold sovereign|Gold Sovereign">thumb|right|190px|Three [[gold sovereign|Gold Sovereigns with a
Krugerrand">Gold Sovereign.html" title="Meaning of thumb|right|190px|Three [[gold sovereign|Gold Sovereign">thumb|right|190px|Three [[gold sovereign|Gold Sovereigns with a
Krugerrand
Image:Goldkey_logo_removed.jpg gold bar.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|right|190px|Swiss minted 1 kg [[gold bar..html" title="Meaning of right|190px|Swiss minted 1 kg [[gold bar">thumb|right|190px|Swiss minted 1 kg [[gold bar.">right|190px|Swiss minted 1 kg [[gold bar">thumb|right|190px|Swiss minted 1 kg [[gold bar.
Like other precious metals, gold is measured by
troy weight and by
grams. When it is alloyed with other metals the term ''
carat (purity) carat'' or ''karat'' is used to indicate the amount of gold present, with 24 carats being pure gold and lower ratings proportionally less. The purity of a
gold bar can also be expressed as a decimal figure ranging from 0 to 1, known as the
millesimal fineness, such as 0.995.
The price of gold is determined on the open market, but a procedure known as the
Gold Fixing in
London, originating in 1919, provides a twice-daily benchmark figure to the industry.
Historically gold was used to back currency in an economic system known as the
gold standard a certain
weight of gold was given the name of a unit of currency. For a long period the United States government set the value of the US dollar so that one
troy weight troy ounce was equal to $20.67 ($664.56/kg), but in
1934 the dollar was revalued to $35.00 per troy ounce ($1125.27/kg). By 1961 it was becoming hard to maintain this price, and a pool of US and European banks agreed to manipulate the market to prevent further currency devaluation against increased gold demand.
On
March 17 1968, economic circumstances caused the collapse of the gold pool, and a two-tiered pricing scheme was established whereby gold was still used to settle international accounts at the old $35.00 per troy ounce ($1.13/g) but the price of gold on the private market was allowed to fluctuate; this two-tiered pricing system was abandoned in 1975 when the price of gold was left to find its free-market level. Central banks still hold historical
official gold reserves gold reserves as a
store of value although the level has generally been declining. The largest gold depository in the world is that of the
U.S. Federal Reserve Bank, in
New York.
Since 1968 the price of gold on the open market has ranged widely, with a record high of $850/oz ($27,300/kg) on
21 January 1980, to a low of $252.90/oz ($8,131/kg) on
21 June 1999 (London Fixing). Prices have risen to the $590/oz ($18.972/kg) mark in early April 2006 [http://kitco.com/LFgif/au3650nyb.gif].
Restrictions on gold ownership
Because of its use as a reserve store of value, the possession of gold is sometimes restricted or banned. For example, within the United States, the private possession of gold except as jewelry or for coin collecting was banned between 1933 and 1975. President
Franklin D. Roosevelt expropriated gold by [http://www.the-privateer.com/1933-gold-confiscation.html Executive Order 6102], and President
Richard Nixon closed the gold window by which foreign countries could exchange American dollars for gold at a fixed rate.
Compounds/isotopes
Although gold is a
noble metal, it can form many compounds, auric chloride (Au
chlorine Cl3) and chlorauric acid (
hydrogen HAuCl
4) being the most common. Gold compounds can be aurous (univalent, +1) or auric (trivalent, +3). Gold also can under extreme conditions form a +5 state with fluorine (gold pentafluoride, AuF
5), as well as (unusually for a metal), a -1 state. Such compounds containing the Au
- anion are called ''aurides'' and include
caesium auride, CsAu, rubidium auride,
rubidium RbAu, and tetramethylammonium auride, (CH
3)
4N
+ Au
-.
Gold also forms:
*The AuCl
4- ion after dissolving in
aqua regia
*
Gold halides (
fluorine F,
chlorine Cl,
bromine Br,
iodine I)
*
Gold chalcogenides (
oxygen O,
sulfur S,
selenium Se,
tellurium Te)
*
Gold cluster compounds
*Gold
hydrazine hydrazide: an olive-green powder, AuN
2H
3, one of several explosive compounds known archaically as ''aurum fulminans''
''See also
:Category:Gold compounds Gold compounds.''
There is only one stable
isotope of gold, and 18
radioisotopes with Au-195 being the most stable with a
half-life of 186 days.
Precautions
The human body does not absorb gold very well, thus compounds of gold are not normally very toxic.
Liver and
kidney damage has, however, been reported for up to 50% of arthritis patients treated with gold-containing drugs. Gold used in dentistry is widely regarded as the safest form of restorative material, as well as the most successful.
Symbolism
Gold has been associated with the extremities of utmost evil and great sanctity throughout history. The
Golden Calf is a widely-recognised symbol of
idolatry and revolt against God. In
Communist propaganda, the golden
pocket watch and its fastening golden chain were the characteristic accessories of the class enemy, the bourgeois and the industrial
tycoons.
On the other hand, eminent
orators such as
John Chrysostom were said to have a ''mouth of gold with a silver tongue''. Gold is associated with notable anniversaries, particularly in a 50 year cycle, such as a golden
wedding anniversary,
golden jubilee, etc.
Great human achievements are frequently rewarded with gold, in the form of medals and decorations. Winners of races and prizes are usually awarded the gold medal (such as the
Olympic Games and the
Nobel Prize), while many award statues are depicted in gold (such as the
Academy Awards, the
Emmy Awards and the
British Academy Film Awards).
Medieval kings were inaugurated under the signs of
anointing sacred oil and a golden crown, the latter symbolizing the eternal shining light of heaven and thus a
Christian king's divinely inspired authority. Wedding rings are traditionally made of gold; since it is long-lasting and unaffected by the passage of time, it is considered a suitable material for everyday wear as well as a metaphor for the relationship. In
Orthodox Christianity, the wedded couple is adorned with a golden crown during the ceremony, an amalgamation of symbolic rites.
The symbolic value of gold varies wildly around the world, even within geographic regions. For example, gold is quite common in
Turkey but considered a most valuable gift in
Sicily.
Also, in literature gold can also mean cannabis.
References
-
Los Alamos National Laboratory – Gold
-
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed
See also
*
22/22k
*
Carat (purity)
*
Colloidal gold
*
Gold as an investment
*
Gold coin
*
Socialism and Gold
*
Precious metal
External links
{{Commons|Gold}}
{{wiktionary|gold}}
-
WebElements.com – Gold (also used as a reference)
-
Mineral Galleries - Native Gold
-
''Getting Gold'' 1898 book
Category:Gold
{{Link FA|cs}}
{{Link FA|de}}
{{Link FA|fr}}
af:Goud
ar:ذهب
ast:Oru
bg:Злато
ca:Or
cs:Zlato
cy:Aur
da:Guld
de:Gold
et:Kuld
es:Oro
eo:Oro
fr:Or
ko:금
hr:Zlato
io:Oro
id:Emas
is:Gull
it:Oro
he:זהב
ku:Zêr
la:Aurum
lv:Zelts
lt:Auksas
lb:Gold
li:Goud
jbo:solji
hu:Arany
ms:Emas
nl:Goud
ja:金
no:Gull
nn:Gull
oc:Aur
pl:ZÅ‚oto
pt:Ouro
ru:Золото
sh:Zlato
simple:Gold
sk:Zlato
sl:Zlato
sr:Злато
fi:Kulta
sv:Guld
ta:தங�கம�
th:ทà¸à¸‡à¸„ำ
vi:VÃ ng
tr:Altın
uk:Золото
zh:金
Gold Au
----
This template should be :Template substitution substituted.
Category:Chemical element symbol templates {{PAGENAME}}
This category contains articles and subcategories related to the chemical element
gold.
{{commonscat|Gold}}
Category:Transition metals
Category:Precious metals
Category:Chemical elements
Category:Native element minerals
Category:Historical trading items
de:Kategorie:Gold
'''GOLD''' refers to one of the following:
*
GOLD (IEEE) is an
IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade).
*
GOLD (parser) is an open source
Backus-Naur form BNF parser.
{{dab}}
See also
*
gold (disambiguation)
*** Shopping-Tip: GOLD
