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House

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Image:20031012-002-houses-st-albans.jpg right|190px|thumb|Houses in Fishpool Street, [[St Albans, England]] :''For other meanings of the word "house", see House (disambiguation)''. A '''house''' in its most general sense consists of a human-built dwelling with enclosing walls, a floor, and a roof. It provides shelter against precipitation (meteorology) precipitation, wind, heat, cold and intruding humans and animals. When occupying a house routinely as a dwelling. English-speaking humans may call that house their home (though animals may often live in the house as well, both domestic pets and "unauthorised" animals such as mice living in the walls). People may leave their 'home' most of the day for employment work and recreation, but typically return home at least for sleep sleeping. A house generally has at least one entrance, usually in the form of a door or a portal. Many houses have back doors that open into the back yard and may have any number of windows or none at all.

Types of house
:''See also list of house types''. Three basic house types exist: * houses standing on their own (detached houses) * houses attached to one other house (semi-detached houses) * houses attached to two other houses, possibly in a row (terrace (architecture) terraced (UK) or rowhouse (USA) houses). In the United Kingdom, 27% of the population lives in terraced houses and 32% in semi-detached houses (as of 2002). In the United States U.S. in as of 2000 2000, 61.4% of people lived in detached houses and 5.6% in semi-detached houses, the rest living in rowhouses or apartments, except for 7% living in mobile homes. A (Face house) is built in one or more facess; though it occurs most commonly as a [[fort or playhouse for children, this design sometimes serves as a house for adults. Archaeology Archaeologists have a particular interest in house shape: they see the transition over time from round huts to rectangular houses as a significant advance in optimising the use of space, and associate it with the growth of the idea of a personal area.

Inside the house
Image:HouseFlrPlan.JPG left|Typical [[United States|U.S. house floor plan.]] Many houses have several rooms with specialised functions. These may include a living/eating area, a sleeping area, and (if indoor facilities are available) a washing/lavatory area. Often, in traditional agrarian societies, domestic animals such as chickens or larger livestock share part of the house with human beings. In the West, where plumbing is common and the standard of living fairly high, each house will at least contain a bedroom, bathroom, kitchen or kitchen area, and a living room. These rooms should be designed to meet the needs of the people who live in the house. This designing is known as interior design and it is a popular subject in universities. Feng shui, originally a Chinese method of situating houses according to such factors as sunlight and microclimates, has recently been expanded to include designing house interiors with the intention of giving harmonious effects to the people living inside the house.

Shelters
Forms of '''shelter''' simpler than a house include dugout (shelter) dugouts, ''yaodongs'', tents (see also Campsite camp), campers, hut (dwelling) huts, roofs without walls, or a structure with roof and partial walls, such as often at a bus stop (see picture there), and a gazebo.

Construction
Popular modern house construction techniques include light-frame construction in areas with access to supplies of wood, and adobe or sometimes rammed-earth construction in arid regions with scarce wood resources. In some areas brick is used almost exclusively. Increasingly popular alternative construction methods include insulated concrete forms (foam forms filled with concrete), structural insulated panels (foam panels faced with oriented strand board or fiber cement), and light-gauge steel framing and heavy-gauge steel framing. Some home designers have begun to collaborate with structural engineers who use computers and finite element analysis to design kitted and pre-cut steel framed homes with known resistance to high wind loads and seismic forces. These newer products provide labor savings, more consistent quality, and may accelerate the construction process. They are more consistently used than are the lesser used approaches described below. Lesser used construction methods which have recently gained (or regained) popularity in recent years. Examples of these are Cannabrick construction, cordwood construction, straw bale construction, and geodesic domes. These methods are not widely used and frequently are adopted by homeowners who may be actively involved in the construction process.

Animal houses
Humans often build houses for domestic or wild animals, often resembling smaller versions of human domiciles. Familiar animal houses built by humans include '''bird houses''' and '''dog houses''', while domiciles for agricultural animals are more often called Barn (building) barns. However, human interest in building houses for animals does not stop at the domestic pet. People build bird houses, bat houses, nesting sites for wild ducks, and more.

Usage in language
As a verb, to ''house'' (pronounced "haÊŠz") is to provide a routine locale for an object, a person or an organization. Historic or artistic artifacts, for example, are said to be housed in museums. A business may be housed in a storefront, or a family may be housed in an apartment or a house. A collection of domiciles, either for persons, for organizations, for animals or for objects, is often called ''housing''. An individual person or a single object might also find housing in an appropriate domicile. In English the word "house" on its own usually refers to a dwelling for one family, or for more than one family living together, sharing the house. In other languages the translation for "house" often covers other types of building such as tower blocks or commercial property: in German, for example, a "Haus" can also refer to a hotel or a block of flats. In English, the word "house" can be used in combination with other words to describe buildings other than residential dwellings, such as an opera house, a "monkey house" (a building for several cages) in a zoo, etc. A "madhouse" is a disparaging term for a mental hospital or insane asylum (also see House (disambiguation) for more.) The White House also has only a secondary use as a dwelling. "House" and "home" are not synonymous. "Home" has a more Wiktionary:abstract abstract and Wiktionary:poetic poetic meaning.

Heraldry
The house is an exceedingly rare charge in heraldry.

See also
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Articles
* Affordable housing * Building material * Domotics and home automation * Earth-sheltered home * United States housing bubble Housing bubble * Housing estate * Housing in Japan * Housewarming party * Hurricane proof house * Lustron * Lodging * Mobile home * Modular home * Prefabrication * Mobile home Trailer | valign=top width=50% |

Lists
* List of house types * List of house styles * List of types of lodging * List of real estate topics * List of famous American Houses |}

External links
* Photographs *
- Photos of rare houses at Singleton Wealdland and Downland Museum, Nr Chichester * Housing Statistics *
- New Privately-Owned Housing Units Authorized, by State (US Census) Category:Building engineering Category:Houses Category:Structural system ar:Ù…Ù†Ø²Ù„ ang:HÃ¡m bn:à¦˜à¦° cy:TÅ· da:Hus de:Haus eo:Domo es:Casa fi:Talo fr:Maison he:×‘×™×ª ×ž×’×•×¨×™×? id:Rumah it:Casa ja:å®¶å±‹ ms:Rumah nah:Txantli nl:Woning pl:Dom pt:Casa ru:Ð–Ð¸Ð»Ð¸Ñ‰Ðµ simple:House sl:HiÅ¡a su:Imah sv:Hus tl:Tahanan to:Fale vi:NhÃ zh:æˆ¿å±‹

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