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Oil
*** Shopping-Tip: Oil
{{compu-stub}}
'''OIL''' ('''
Ontology (computer science) Ontology Inference Layer''' or '''Ontology Interchange Language''') can be regarded as an Ontology Infrastructure for the
Semantic Web (see paper "OIL: An Ontology Infrastructure for the Semantic Web", ''IEEE Intelligent Systems'', March/April 2001). OIL is based on concepts developed in
Description Logic (DL).
OIL has been developed at the
Vrije Universiteit from
Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (and ??)
Much of the work in OIL has now been incorporated into
Web Ontology Language (OWL).
See also
*
description logic
*
DAML
*
DAMLplusOIL DAML+OIL
*
Ontology (computer science) Ontologies
Category:Knowledge representation
Category:Ontology (computer science)
da:OIL
:''For other uses, see
Oil (disambiguation).''
Image:Olive oil.jpg thumb|right|Natural olive oil
Image:Motor oil.jpg thumb|right|Synthetic motor oil
'''Oil''' is a generic term for a
chemical compound that is not miscible with
water, and in its
liquid state at common ambient temperatures. Such substances are also called
hydrophobic or
lipophilic.
Oils are composed of one or several liquid
hydrocarbon Chemical compound compounds. They differ from other hydrocarbons, such as
alcohols,
ketones and
ethers by their non-
polarity. Their difference from
fats and
waxes is given by the length of their
molecule chains.
Emulgators allow to mix oils with water.
Types
Biological
*
Vegetable oil
*
Essential oil
*
Animal fat
Mineral
*
Mineral oil
*
Petroleum
*
Coal oil
*
Oil shale
Synthetic
*
Synthetic oil
Application
;
Cooking oil
Edible vegetable and animal oils are frequently used in cooking, due to their ability to reach higher temperatures than water. They also serve as a
flavour enhancer and as a supporting medium for
vitamins and
aromas.
;
Fuel oil
Oils contain a high amount of stored energy, which can be used for
heating and powering
combustion engines. Oils used for this purpose are usually derived from petroleum, but biological sources of energy are being evaluated as an alternative to the increasingly expensive crude oil.
;
Lubrication
Due to their non-polarity, oils do not easily adhere to other substances. This makes them useful as lubricants for various engineering purposes. Suitable oils are often found in the mineral spectrum, as biological oils degrade quickly in most environmental conditions.
;
Petrochemistry
Petrochemistry is the process of refining crude oil into useful raw materials,
plastics, and other oils.
;
Heat transport
Many oils have higher
boiling points than water and lower
electrical conductivity, allowing them to be used for
liquid cooling systems, especially where electricity is used.
;
Oil paint Painting
Color pigments can be easily dissolved in oil, making oil suitable as supporting medium for paints. The slow drying process and miscibility of oil facilitates a realistic style. This method has been used since the
15th century.
Category:Oils
ca:Oli
cy:Olew
da:Olie
de:Öl
el:Λάδι
es:Aceite
eo:Oleo
fa:روغن
fr:Huile
io:Oleo
id:Minyak
is:OlÃa
he:שמן
lad:Azete
lt:Aliejus
nl:Olie
ja:æ²¹
pl:Olej
pt:Óleo
ru:МаÑ?ло
simple:Oil
su:Minyak
fi:Öljy
sv:Olja
th:น้ำมัน
zh:æ²¹
*** Shopping-Tip: Oil
