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Tetracycline
*** Shopping-Tip: Tetracycline
:''This article deals with the specific antibiotic called Tetracycline. For the group of antibiotics known as the Tetracyclines, see
Tetracycline antibiotics.''
----
{{drugbox |
|image=Tetracycline5.png
|IUPAC_name = 2-(amino-hydroxy-methylidene)-4-dimethylamino-
6,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-4,4a,5,
5a-tetrahydrotetracene-1,3,12-trione
|CAS_number = 60-54-8
| ATC_prefix=A01
| ATC_suffix=AB13
| PubChem=643969
| DrugBank=APRD00572
|chemical_formula =
Carbon C22Hydrogen H24Nitrogen N2Oxygen O8
|molecular_weight = 444.435
gram g/
mole (unit) mol
|bioavailability = <40% (Intramuscular)
100% (Intravenous)
60-80% (Oral, while fasting)
|metabolism = Not metabolised
|elimination_half-life = 6-11
hours
|excretion =
Feces FecalKidney Renal
|pregnancy_category = D: (
United States USA)
D: (
Australia AUS)
|legal_status =
Prescription drug Prescription only
|routes_of_administration =
DermalIntramuscularIntravenousEye OpthalmicMouth Oral
}}
'''Tetracycline''' is a broad-spectrum
antibiotic produced by the
streptomyces bacterium, indicated for use against many bacterial infections. It is commonly used to treat
acne. It is sold under the brand names '''Sumycin®;''', '''Tetracyn®;''' and '''Panmycin®''', among others. '''Actisite®''' is a thread-like fiber form, used in dental applications. It is also used to produce several semi-synthetic derivatives, which together are known as the
Tetracycline antibiotics Tetracycline antibiotic group.
History
Tetracycline was first discovered by
Lloyd Conover in the research departments of
Pfizer. The
patent for Tetracycline was first issued in
1955 (patent number 2,699,054). Tetracycline sparked the development of many chemically altered antibiotics and in doing so has proved to be one of the most important discoveries made in the field of antibiotics.
Mechanism and resistance
Tetracycline inhibits cell growth by inhibiting
translation (genetics) translation. It binds to the 30S
Ribosome ribosomal subunit and prevents the amino-acyl tRNA from binding to the A site of the ribosome. The binding is reversible in nature.
Cells become resistant to tetracyline by at least two mechanisms: efflux and ribosomal protection. In efflux, a resistance gene encodes a membrane protein that actively pumps tetracycline out of the cell. This is the mechanism of action of the tetracycline resistance gene on the artificial
plasmid pBR322. In ribosomal protection, a resistance gene encodes a protein which binds to the ribosome and prevents tetracycline from acting on the ribosome.
Cautions, Contraindications, Side effects
Are as those of the
Tetracycline antibiotics group
Indication
Tetracycline's primary use is for the treatment of
acne vulgaris and
rosacea.
Category:Tetracycline antibiotics
zh-min-nan:Tetracycline
de:Tetracyclin
es:Tetraciclina
fr:Tétracycline
nl:Tetracycline
ja:テトラサイクリン
pl:Tetracykliny
pt:Tetraciclina
sv:Tetracyklin
th:เตตร้าซัยคลิน
tr:Tetrasiklin
*** Shopping-Tip: Tetracycline
